Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Neurobiol. 2017 Nov 3;160:101–122. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.008

Figure 1. Endogenous pain network in the human and rat.

Figure 1

A) In humans, pain-induced activity in PAG, RVM, and other pain-related brain areas is affected by placebo administration. Placebo administration reduces activity in regions associated with pain experience such as aIns, dACC, Thal, and Amy. In contrast, activity in regions thought to be involved in pain modulation such as dlPFC, rACC, vmPFC, mOFC, and NAc increases with placebo treatment. B) This figure shows a selection of projections descending from MFC to regions involved in pain nociception and regulation in the rat. Black arrows represent connections between brain regions that were identified via either anterograde or retrograde labeling. These connections do not represent an exhaustive list. Of the pathways shown, only a few have been explicitly tested and shown to be relevant to endogenous modulation of pain experience.