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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Neurobiol. 2017 Nov 3;160:101–122. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.008

Figure 4. Drug effects on behaviorally mediated analgesia.

Figure 4

A) Local injection of opioid antagonists within ACC, vlPAG, and RVM reduce behavioral analgesia. In contrast, microinjections of opioid agonists into CeA reduce behavioral analgesia and microinjections of opioid antagonists in dlPAG have no effect on behavioral analgesia. Other regions involved in opioidergic pain control that have not been demonstrated to be involved in behavioral analgesia include aIns, NAc, BLA, Hy, and VTA. B) Local injection of cannabinoid antagonists within BLA, PAG, and RVM reduce behavioral analgesia. Similarly, microinjections of cannabinoid agonists within PAG, RVM, and vHipp enhance behavioral analgesia. Interestingly, while CeA injections of cannabinoid agonists are sufficient to induce analgesia, cannabinoid antagonists in CeA fail to reduce behavioral analgesia.