Table 5.

Opioidergic modulation of behavioral analgesiaⁱ

Site	Type	Manipulation	Effect	References
Systemic	δ antagonist	FCA, SIA	Less analgesia	(Fanselow et al., 1989a; Hart et al., 1983)
	κ antagonist	FCA, SIA, Social Defeat, Biting Insects	Less analgesia, None	(Fanselow et al., 1989b; Kavaliers et al., 1998; McLaughlin et al., 2006; McLaughlin et al., 2003)
	μ antagonist	FCA	Less analgesia	(Fanselow et al., 1989b)
	naloxone	FCA, SIA, Social Defeat, Morphine conditioning, Biting Insects, Predator Odor	Less analgesia, (None)	(Bodnar et al., 1978; Bragin, 1986; Butler et al., 2008; Colwell and Kavaliers, 1990; Fanselow, 1984; Galdino et al., 2014b; Galdino et al., 2010; Good and Westbrook, 1995; Guo et al., 2010; Hart et al., 1983, 1985; Hayes et al., 1978; Helmstetter and Fanselow, 1987b; Kavaliers et al., 1998; Kavaliers et al., 1997; Kurrikoff et al., 2008; Lee et al., 2016; Lewis et al., 1981; Lewis et al., 1980; Marek et al., 1992; Miczek et al., 1982; Miller et al., 1990; Przewlocka et al., 1990; Rodgers and Hendrie, 1983; Rodgers and Randall, 1986; Teskey et al., 1984; Watkins et al., 1982; Zhang et al., 2013)
	naltrexone	FCA, SIA, Social Defeat, Morphine conditioning, Odor of different shocked rat	Less analgesia, (None)	(Fanselow, 1985; Fanselow and Baackes, 1982; Girardot and Holloway, 1984, 1985; Grisel et al., 1993; Helmstetter and Fanselow, 1987a, b; Kelly and Franklin, 1987; Lee et al., 2016; Lichtman and Fanselow, 1991; Meagher et al., 1989; Miczek et al., 1982; Terman et al., 1986)
rACC	δ antagonist	Morphine conditioning	None	(Zhang et al., 2013)
	κ antagonist	Morphine conditioning	None	(Zhang et al., 2013)
	μ antagonist	Morphine conditioning	Less analgesia	(Zhang et al., 2013)
	naloxone	Morphine conditioning	Less analgesia	(Zhang et al., 2013)
CeA	morphine	FCA	Less analgesia	(Good and Westbrook, 1995)
VTA	naltrexone	SIA	Less analgesia	(Altier and Stewart, 1996)
dlPAG	κ antagonist	FCA	None	(Bellgowan and Helmstetter, 1998)
	μ antagonist	FCA	None	(Bellgowan and Helmstetter, 1998)
	naltrexone	SIA	None	(Hohmann et al., 2005)
vlPAG	κ antagonist	FCA	None	(Bellgowan and Helmstetter, 1998)
	μ antagonist	FCA	Less analgesia	(Bellgowan and Helmstetter, 1998)
	naltrexone	FCA	Less analgesia	(Helmstetter and Landeira-Fernandez, 1990)
RVM	κ agonist	FCA	Less analgesia	(Foo and Helmstetter, 2000a)
	δ antagonist	FCA	None	(Foo and Helmstetter, 1999)
	κ antagonist	FCA	None	(Foo and Helmstetter, 1999)
	μ antagonist	FCA	Less analgesia	(Foo and Helmstetter, 1999, 2000b)

ⁱThis table summarizes the effect of local and systemic injections of opioid agonists and antagonists on various types of behavioral analgesia.