Table 2.
Results of the univariate and multivariate logistic regression models for the association of subject characteristics with vitamin D hypovitaminosis with the cutoff value of 17 ng/mL∗.
| Characteristic | p value∗ | Modalities for OR calculation | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate logistic regression | |||
| Age | 0.41 | Continuous | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) |
| Duration of menopause | 0.46 | Continuous | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) |
| Parity | 0.75 | Continuous | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) |
| BMI | 0.05 | <30 kg/m2 versus ≥30 kg/m2 | 0.61 (0.36–1.01) |
| Habitat/housing | 0.32 | Urban versus rural | 1.31 (0.76–2.26) |
| Education level | 0.81 | Education versus no education | 0.82 (0.50–1.33) |
| Skin phototype | 0.82 | Dark versus light | 1.13 (0.69–1.84) |
| Veiling | 0.09 | Yes or no | 2.56 (0.84–7.84) |
| T-score spine | 0.95 | Continuous | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) |
| DMO spine | 0.93 | Abnormal versus normal | 0.98 (0.58–1.65) |
| T-score hip | 0.19 | Continuous | 1.12 (0.93–1.36) |
| DMO hip | 0.67 | Abnormal versus normal | 0.80 (0.49–1.31) |
| Multivariate logistic regression | |||
| BMI | 0.02 | <30 kg/m2 versus ≥30 kg/m2 | 1.826 (1.081–3.083) |
| Veiling | 0.0353 | Yes or no | 3.526 (1.090–11.400) |
| Season | <0.0001 | Summer versus other pooled seasons | 4.159 (2.456–7.043) |
∗ p value was calculated for each variable according to the Mann–Whitney test or chi-square test.