Table 3.
Differences in outcomes between groups over time
| Outcome Measure | HIGH QAB 1 Month Mean (SEE) N | LOW QAB 1 Month Mean (SEE) N | Difference Between Groups at 1 month Point estimate (95% CI) p-value | Effect Size | HIGH QAB 2 Months Mean (SEE) N | LOW QAB 2 Months Mean (SEE) N | Difference Between Groups at 2 months Point estimate (95% CI) p-value | Effect Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stair Climbing Test (s) | 21.7 (0.6) 71 |
26.6 (0.6) 86 |
−4.9 (−6.6, −3.3) <0.001 |
0.56 | 14.2 (0.6) 69 |
16.1 (0.6) 84 |
−1.9 (−3.5, −0.3) 0.02 |
0.53 |
| Timed Up and Go Test (s) | 9.7 (0.2) 71 |
11.3 (0.2) 86 |
−1.6 (−2.1, −1.1) <0.001 |
0.61 | 8.0 (0.2) 69 |
8.5 (0.2) 84 |
−0.5 (−1.0, 0.0) 0.04 |
0.39 |
| 6-minute Walk Test (m) | 408 (7) 71 |
372 (6) 86 |
37 (18, 55) <0.001 |
0.54 | 477 (7) 69 |
464 (6) 84 |
13 (−5, 31) 0.16 |
0.18 |
| Quadriceps Strength (nM/kg) | 0.85 (0.04) 71 |
0.73 (0.03) 84 |
0.12 (0.02, 0.21) 0.01 |
0.49 | 1.13 (0.04) 68 |
1.03 (0.03) 84 |
0.09 (0.00, 0.19) 0.06 |
0.40 |
| Activation (%) | 76.0 (1.6) 63 |
70.3 (1.6) 64 |
5.8 (1.2, 10.3) 0.01 |
0.34 | 81.4 (1.7) 62 |
79.9 (1.6) 65 |
1.5 (−3.0, 6.1) 0.52 |
0.17 |
Estimates are based on a Maximum Likelihood model for repeated measures controlling for baseline, sex, site, and treatment group. Abbreviations: QAB, quadriceps activation battery; SEE, standard error of the estimate.