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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2017 Oct 6;114:40–51. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.001

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Overview of the shared pathways and pathological mechanisms driven by the APP gene and its cleavage products (βCTF/Aβ) in DS and AD: known and predicted endocytic and lysosomal factors contributing to neurodegeneration. Genetic contributors to neurodegeneration in DS other than APP are shown in parentheses. ApoE ε4, a known genetic risk factor for AD, contributes to endolysosomal dysfunction in AD and potentially in DS. EE, early endosome; LE, late endosome; AP, autophagosome; Ly, Lysosome; AMP/AL, amphisome/autolysosome.