Table 3.
Multivariable association between health care utilization and respondents’ characteristics plus the availability of health information sources: adjusted odds ratios.
| Model | Emergency visit | Hospitalization | Doctor visit | |||||
| AORa (95% CI) |
P |
AOR (95% CI) |
P |
AOR (95% CI) |
P |
|||
| Model 1 | ||||||||
| Self-reported health status | ||||||||
| Good | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Moderate | 2.00 (0.95-4.21) | .07 | 1.09 (0.76-1.56) | .63 | 1.27 (0.95-1.69) | .10 | ||
| Poor | 5.75 (2.31-14.28) | <.001 | 2.08 (1.17-3.70) | .01 | 3.00 (1.72-5.23) | <.001 | ||
| Health insurance | ||||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Yes | 1.19 (0.54-2.62) | .66 | 1.70 (1.01-2.86) | .046 | 2.79 (1.89-4.13) | <.001 | ||
| Monthly income (VND)b | ||||||||
| <3 million | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| 3-7 million | 0.77 (0.43-1.38) | .38 | 0.93 (0.67-1.31) | .69 | 1.08 (0.82-1.42) | .58 | ||
| >7 million | 0.42 (0.10-1.81) | .24 | 1.15 (0.63-2.07) | .65 | 2.13 (1.22-3.74) | .008 | ||
| Watching medical-related TV series | ||||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Yes | 1.24 (0.72-2.13) | .45 | 1.69 (1.22-2.34) | .002 | 1.69 (1.30-2.19) | <.001 | ||
| Model 2 | ||||||||
| Self-reported health status | ||||||||
| Good | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Moderate | 2.07 (0.98-4.38) | .06 | 1.18 (0.83-1.69) | .36 | 1.38 (1.03-1.84) | .03 | ||
| Poor | 6.06 (2.39-15.35) | <.001 | 2.39 (1.33-4.27) | .003 | 3.38 (1.93-5.92) | <.001 | ||
| Health insurance | ||||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Yes | 1.24 (0.57-2.70) | .60 | 1.84 (1.10-3.08) | .02 | 3.00 (2.04-4.43) | <.001 | ||
| Monthly income (VND) | ||||||||
| <3 million | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| 3-7 million | 0.77 (0.43-1.38) | .39 | 0.94 (0.67-1.31) | .70 | 1.08 (0.83-1.42) | .57 | ||
| >7 million | 0.41 (0.09-1.80) | .24 | 1.12 (0.61-2.03) | .72 | 2.09 (1.19-3.67) | .01 | ||
| Getting medical-related information from the Internet | ||||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Yes | 1.21 (0.66-2.20) | .54 | 1.62 (1.16-2.27) | .005 | 1.64 (1.23-2.19) | .001 | ||
| Model 3 | ||||||||
| Self-reported health status | ||||||||
| Good | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Moderate | 2.01 (0.95-4.24) | .07 | 1.11 (0.78-1.59) | .01 | 1.29 (0.97-1.72) | <.001 | ||
| Poor | 5.73 (2.30-14.23) | <.001 | 2.07 (1.17-3.67) | .56 | 2.93 (1.69-5.09) | .08 | ||
| Health insurance | ||||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Yes | 1.26 (0.58-2.76) | .56 | 1.83 (1.09-3.06) | .02 | 3.04 (2.07-4.48) | <.001 | ||
| Monthly income (VND) | ||||||||
| <3 million | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| 3-7 million | 0.79 (0.44-1.42) | .44 | 0.92 (0.65-1.29) | .62 | 1.08 (0.83-1.42) | .56 | ||
| >7 million | 0.44 (0.10-1.90) | .27 | 1.30 (0.73-2.35) | .38 | 2.43 (1.40-4.22) | .002 | ||
| Attending health education courses | ||||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Yes | 0.79 (0.28-2.28) | .67 | 2.09 (1.29-3.40) | .003 | 1.57 (0.98-2.50) | .06 | ||
aAdjusted for self-reported health status, presence of health insurance, and monthly income.
bVND: Vietnamese Dong. 1 million VND=US $44.50.