Table 1.
Colonization of different plants by bacterial endophytes.
| Endophyte Species | Native Host | Plant Colonized | Tissues Colonized | Effect on Plant | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetobacter diazotrophicus | Sugarcane | Sugarcane | Stem | N/A | Dong et al., 1994 [27] |
| Achromobacter sp., and Acinetobacter sp. | Poaceae family (maize, wheat, pearl millet, sorghum and rice) | Wheat | Root | Growth enhancement | Patel et al., 2017 [125] |
| Azoarcus sp. | Kallar grass | Rice, and Kallar grass | Root, shoot | Growth enhancement | Hurek et al., 1994 [126] |
| Azoarcus sp. | Kallar grass | Rice | Root | N/A | Reinhold-Hurek et al., 2006 [88] |
| Azospirillum sp. | Maize | Maize | N/A | Growth enhancement | Riggs et al., 2001 [29] |
| Bacillus megaterium | Maize | Maize | Root, stem, leaf | N/A | Liu et al., 2006 [127] |
| Bacillus pumilus | Rice | Rice | Root | Growth enhancement | Bacilio-Jimenez et al., 2001 [128] |
| Bacillus sp. | Tomato | Wheat | N/A | Growth enhancement | Tian et al., 2017 [129] |
| Bacillus sp. | Maize | Maize | N/A | Growth enhancement | Riggs et al., 2001 [29] |
| Bacillus subtilis | Mulberry | Mulberry | Root, stem, leaf | Reduced bacterial wilt | Ji et al., 2008 [130] |
| Burkholderia cepacia | Maize | Maize | N/A | Growth enhancement | Riggs et al., 2001 [29] |
| Burkholderia phytofirmans | Onion | Grapevine | Root, stem, berry | N/A | Compant et al., 2008 [131] |
| Burkholderia phytofirmans | Onion | Grapevine | Root, stem, leaf | Growth enhancement | Compant et al., 2005 [81] |
| Burkholderia phytofirmans | Onion | Switchgrass | Root, leaf, sheath | Growth enhancement | Kim et al., 2012 [132] |
| Burkholderia phytofirmans | Onion | Arabidopsis thaliana | Root | Growth enhancement, increased chlorophyll content | Zuniga et al., 2013 [67] |
| Burkholderia phytofirmans | Onion | White lupin, and maize | Root, seed | N/A | Kost et al., 2014 [66] |
| Burkholderia phytofirmans | Onion | Maize | Root, stem, leaf | Growth enhancement, increased drought tolerance | Naveed et al., 2014 [60] |
| Burkholderia sp. | Tomato | Wheat | N/A | Growth enhancement | Tian et al., 2017 [129] |
| Burkholderia vietnamiensis | Poplar | Kentucky bluegrass | Root, shoot | Growth enhancement | Xin et al., 2009 [43] |
| Burkholderia vietnamiensis | Rice | Rice | Root | Growth enhancement | Govindarajan et al., 2008 [133] |
| Burkholderia vietnamiensis | Sugarcane | Sugarcane | Root | Growth enhancement, increased yield | Govindarajan et al., 2006 [134] |
| Corynebacterium flavescens | Rice | Rice | Root | Growth enhancement | Bacilio-Jimenez et al., 2001 [128] |
| Enterobacter sp. | Maize | Maize | Root, stem, leaf | Growth enhancement, increased drought tolerance | Naveed et al., 2014 [60] |
| Enterobacter sp. | Hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × P. nigra) | Hybrid poplar | Root, leaf bud | Growth enhancement, reduced phytotoxicity of TCE, degradation of TCE | Doty et al., 2017 [135] |
| Enterobacter sp. | Tomato | Wheat | N/A | Growth enhancement | Tian et al., 2017 [129] |
| Enterobacter sp. | Maize | Maize | N/A | Growth enhancement | Riggs et al., 2001 [29] |
| Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus | Sugarcane | Wheat, and sorghum | Root, shoot, stem, leaf | N/A | Luna et al., 2010 [136] |
| Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus | Maize | Maize | N/A | Growth enhancement | Riggs et al., 2001 [29] |
| Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus | Sugarcane | Rice | Root | N/A | Meneses et al., 2017 [76] |
| Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus | Sugarcane | Sugarcane, and rice | Root, Shoot | N/A | Rouws et al., 2010 [137] |
| Herbaspirillum seropedicae | Maize | Maize | Root | N/A | Balsanelli et al., 2014 [77] |
| Herbaspirillum seropedicae | Maize | Maize | N/A | Growth enhancement | Riggs et al., 2001 [29] |
| Herbaspirillum seropedicae | Maize | Maize | Root | Increased rooting, change in gene expression | Amaral et al., 2014 [138] |
| Herbaspirillum seropedicae | Maize | Maize, wheat, rice and sorghum | Root, stem, leaf | N/A | Roncata-Maccari et al., 2003 [139] |
| Herbaspirillum seropedicae | Rice | Rice | Root, coleoptile, leaf | Growth enhancement | James et al., 2002 [99] |
| Herbaspirillum seropedicae | Sorghum | Maize | Root, leaf | N-fixation, change in metabolic profile | Brusamarello-Santos et al., 2017 [140] |
| Herbaspirillum seropedicae | Sorghum | Wheat | Root | Change in gene expression | Pankievicz et al., 2016 [87] |
| Herbaspirillum sp. | Rice (Oryza officianalis) | Rice (Oryza spp.) | Shoot, seed, leaf | Growth enhancement, N-fixation | Elbeltagy et al., 2001 [12] |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Maize | Alfalfa, Arabidopsis, wheat, and rice | Root, hypocotyl | N/A | Dong et al., 2003 [141] |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Maize | Wheat | Root | Growth enhancement, increased chlorophyll content, N-fixation | Iniguez et al. 2004 [14] |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Maize | Alfalfa | Root, hypocotyl | N/A | Dong et al., 2003 [141] |
| Klebsiella sp. | Maize | Maize | N/A | Growth enhancement | Riggs et al., 2001 [29] |
| Microbacterium sp. | Rape | Rape | Root | Growth enhancement, increased Pb uptake, root elongation, | Sheng et al., 2008 [142] |
| Ochrobactrum sp. | Rice | Rice | Root | N/A | Verma et al., 2004 [143] |
| Pantoea agglomerans | Maize | Maize | N/A | Growth enhancement | Riggs et al., 2001 [29] |
| Pantoea agglomerans | Rice | Rice | Root | N/A | Verma et al., 2001 [144] |
| Pantoea sp. | Rice | Rice | Root | N/A | Verma et al., 2004 [143] |
| Pseudomonas fluorescences | Miscanthus | Pea | N/A | Growth enhancement in phosphate limited conditions | Oteino et al. 2015 [48] |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens | Rape | Rape | Root | Growth enhancement, increased Pb uptake, root elongation, | Sheng et al., 2008 [142] |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens | Black nightshade | Black nightshade and tobacco | Root | Growth enhancement | Long et al., 2008 [145] |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens | Wheat | Tomato | Root | N/A | Duijff et al., 1997 [146] |
| Pseudomonas putida | Hybrid poplar | Willow | Root | Growth enhancement, reduced phytotoxicity of phenanthrene, degradation of phenanthrene | Khan et al., 2014 [147] |
| Pseudomonas putida | Potato | Potato | Root, stem | Growth enhancement, Phytophthora infestans suppression | Andreote et al., 2009 [148] |
| Pseudomonas putida | Poplar | Pea | Root, stem, leaf | Increased accumulation of and tolerance to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid | Germaine et al., 2006 [149] |
| Pseudomonas sp. | Black nightshade | Black nightshade and tobacco | Root | Growth enhancement | Long et al., 2008 [145] |
| Pseudomonas sp. | Tomato | Wheat | N/A | Growth enhancement | Tian et al., 2017 [129] |
| Pseudomonas sp. | Poplar | Poplar | Root, stem, leaf | N/A | Germaine et al., 2004 [92] |
| Pseudomonas thivervalensis | Black nightshade | Black nightshade and tobacco | Root | Growth enhancement | Long et al., 2008 [145] |
| Ralstonia sp. | Poaceae family (maize, wheat, pearl millet, sorghum and rice) | Wheat | Root | Growth enhancement | Patel et al., 2017 [125] |
| Rhanella aquatilis | Sweet potato | Hybrid poplar | N/A | Increased rooting | Khan et al., 2009 [150] |
| Rhizobium sp. | Tomato | Wheat | N/A | Growth enhancement | Tian et al., 2017 [129] |
| Rhizobium sp. | Poaceae family (maize, wheat, pearl millet, sorghum and rice) | Wheat | Root | Growth enhancement | Patel et al., 2017 [125] |
| Rhizobium sp. | Maize | Maize | N/A | Growth enhancement | Riggs et al., 2001 [29] |
| Serratia marcescens | Rice | Rice | Root, stem, leaf | Growth enhancement | Gyaneshwar et al., 2001 [98] |
| Staphylococcus sp. | Tomato | Wheat | N/A | Growth enhancement | Tian et al., 2017 [129] |
| Stenotrophomonas sp. | Tomato | Wheat | N/A | Growth enhancement | Tian et al., 2017 [129] |
| Consortium (Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans, Azospirillum amazonense and Burkholderia sp.) | Sugarcane | Sugarcane | Root, shoot | Growth enhancement, increased N content | Oliveira et al., 2002 [151] |
| Consortium (Burkholderia vietnamiensis, Rhanella sp., Acinetobacter sp., Herbaspirillum sp., Pseudomonas putida, Sphingomonas spp. | Poplar and willow | Sweet corn | Root, shoot | Growth enhancement, increased CO2 assimilation | Knoth et al., 2012 [19] |
| Consortium (Burkholderia vietnamiensis, Rhanella sp., Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas graminis, Acinetobacter sp., Herbaspirillum sp., Sphingomonas yanoikuyae, Pseudomonas putida, Sphingomonas, Sphingomonas yanoikuyae) | Poplar and willow | Poplar and hybrid poplar | N/A | Growth enhancement | Knoth et al., 2014 [152] |
| Consortium (Burkholderia vietnamiensis, Rhizobium tropici, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Rhanella sp., Burkholderia sp., Enterobacter asburiae, Sphingomonas yanoikuyae, Pseudomonas sp., Curtobacterium sp.) | Poplar and willow | Hybrid poplar | N/A | Growth enhancement, increased drought tolerance | Khan et al., 2016 [45] |
| Consortium (Burkholderia vietnamiensis, Rhizobium tropici, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Rhanella sp., Burkholderia sp., Sphingomonas yanoikuyae, Pseudomonas sp., Sphingomonas sp.) | Poplar and willow | Rice | Root, shoot | Growth enhancement (N-limited conditions) | Kandel et al., 2015 [18] |
| Consortium (Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans, Azospirillum amazonense, Burkholderia tropica) | Sugarcane | Sugarcane | Root | N/A | Oliveira et al., 2009 [153] |
| Consortium (Pseudomonas spp., Paentbacillus spp., Sphingomonas azotifigens) | Ryegrass and rice | Ryegrass | Root, stem, leaf | Growth enhancement, increased TFA | Castanheira et al., 2017 [95] |
| Consortium (Rhizobium tropici bv. populus, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Rhanella sp., Burkholderia sp., Sphingomonas spp.) | Poplar and willow | Douglas-fir | Root, needles | Growth enhancement (nutrient limited conditions) | Khan et al., 2015 [154] |