Figure 1.

Behavioral changes during repeated 6-Hz corneal stimulation in mice fed the ketogenic diet (KD). (a) Seizure duration, considered as the overall period including both motor (convulsions) and non-motor (stunned posture) components of the seizure, was significantly shorter in KD vs. control mice at the first session (*** p < 0.001; Holm–Šídák test); however, after the first session the seizure duration decreased in control mice (### p < 0.001 for sessions 2, 3 and 4 vs. session 1) and no differences were observed between the two groups. (b) Histograms illustrating the mean duration of the motor component of the seizure. Note that no differences were found between the two treatment groups. (c) Histograms illustrating the mean duration of the non-motor component of the seizure, which was significantly shorter in KD vs. control mice only at the first session of corneal stimulation (*** p < 0.001). Note that this component decreased in control mice from the second to the last session (### p < 0.001 vs. session 1). For this reason, no treatment-related differences were observed in sessions 2–4. (d) Note that the KD significantly reduced the number of animals developing generalized tonic-clonic convulsions with postural loss at the first seizure induction (* p < 0.05, Fisher’s exact test). However, this difference was not appreciated in further sessions; n = 9 for the normal diet (ND) group; n = 9 for KD group. Statistical significance values are indicated as *: p < 0.05, ***: p < 0.001, ###: p < 0.001.