| 25OHD | 25-hydroxyvitamin D |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| CI | Confidence interval |
| CVD | Cardiovascular disease |
| DEGS1 | German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults |
| DGE | German Nutrition Society |
| eGFR | Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate |
| GNRI | Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index |
| IDOM | Instrument for Databased Assessment Of Medication |
| IQR | Interquartile range |
| KORA | Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg |
| MONICA | Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease |
| NNR | Nordic Nutrition Recommendations |
| NVS II | Second German National Nutrition Survey |
| OR | Odds ratio |
| Q1 | First quartile or 25th percentile |
| Q3 | Third quartile or 75th percentile |
| SCREEN II | Seniors in the Community Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition, version II |
| WHO | World Health Organization |