Table 3.
National diet surveys across countries in WHO Europe 1990–2016 with nutrient intakes reported.
| Country | Survey Name | Survey Year | Source * | Sample Size | Sample Age | Dietary Methodology | Nutrient Reference Database | Nutrient Intakes by SEG Y/N ** | WHO RNIs Not Met by All Age Groups (%) Ϯ | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andorra | Evaluation of the Nutritional Status of the Andorran Population | 2004–2005 | 4 | 900 | 12–75 | 24 h recall (×2 for 35% sample), FFQ | CESNID. Tablas de composición de alimentos. Barcelona: Edicions Universitat de Barcelona-Centre d’Ensenyament Superior de Nutrició i Dietètica, 2002 | N | 83 | [17] |
| Austria | Austrian nutrition report 2012 (OSES) | 2010–2012 | 2 | 1002 | 7–14; 18–80 | 3-day diary (consecutive) (children); 2*24 h recall (adults). | Analysis run with software “(nut.s) science” based on Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel 3.01/Goldberg cut-offs for data cleaning | N | 72 | [18] |
| Belgium | Belgium National Food Consumption Survey (BNFCS) 2014 | 2014–2015 | 1/2 | 3146 | 3–64 | 2*24 h recall | The NIMS Belgian Table of Food Composition (Nubel); Dutch NEVO | N | 78 | [19,20] |
| Denmark | Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity (DANSDA) 2011–2013 | 2011–2013 | 2 | 3946 | 4–75 | 7-day diary (consecutive) | Danish Food Composition Databank | N | 67 | [21] |
| Estonia | National Dietary Survey | 2014–2015 | 1 | 4906 | 4 m–74 y | 2*24 h recall (age > 10); 2*24 h food diary (age < 10); FFQ (age > 2) | Y—income, poverty threshold, education | 78 | ||
| Finland | The National FINDIET 2012 survey (FINRISK) | 2012 | 2 | 1708 | 25–74 | 48 h recall | Fineli 7 Food Composition Database | Y—education | 61 | [22] |
| France | Individual National Food Consumption Survey (INCA2) | 2006–2007 | 2 | 4079 | 3–79 | 7-day diary (consecutive) | Food Composition Database of CIQUAL of Afssa | Y—education | 83 | [23] |
| Germany | German National Nutrition Survey (Nationale Verzehrstudie) II (NVSII) | 2005–2007 | 1/3 | 15,371 | 14–80 | DISHES diet history interview, 24 h-recall, diet weighing diary (2*4 days) | Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel (BLS) | N | 78 | [24,25] |
| Hungary | Hungarian dietary survey 2009 | 2009 | 2 | 3077 | 19–30, 31–60, 60+ | 3-day diary, FFQ, | Új tápanyagtáblázat | N | 72 | [26,27] |
| Iceland | The Diet of Icelanders—a national dietary survey 2010–2011 | 2010–2011 | 1 | 1312 | 18–80 | 2*24 h recall + FFQ | Icelandic Database of Food Ingredients (ÍSGEM); Public Health Institute for Raw Materials in the Icelandic Market | N | 72 | [28,29] |
| Ireland | National adult nutrition survey 2011 (NANS) | 2008–2010 | 1 | 1500 | 18–90 | 4-day semi weighed food diary (consecutive) | McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods 5&6 editions | Y—social class and education | 72 | [30,31] |
| Italy | The third Italian National food consumption survey INRAN-SCAI 2005–2006 | 2005–2006 | 2 | 3323 | 0.1–97.7 | 3-day diary (consecutive) | Banca Dati di Composizione degli Alimenti | N | 83 | [32] |
| Latvia | Latvian National Food Consumption Survey 2007–2009 | 2008 | 1 | 1949 | 7–64 | 2*24 h recall, FFQ | Latvian National Food Composition Database 2009 | N | 78 | [33] |
| Lithuania | Study of actual nutrition and nutrition habits of Lithuanian adult population | 2013–2014 | 1 | 2513 | 19–75 | 24 h recall + questionnaire | EuroFIR Food Classification | N | 83 | [34] |
| The Netherlands | Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007–2010 (DNFCS 2007–2010) | 2007–2010 | 1/2 | 3819 | 7–69 | 2*24 h recalls | Dutch Food Composition Database (NEVO) | Y—education | 61 | [35,36,37] |
| Norway | Norwegian national diet survey NORKOST3 | 2010–2011 | 2 | 1787 | 18–70 | 2*24 h recall and FFQ | The Norwegian Food Composition Tables | Y—education | 83 | [38] |
| Portugal | National Food and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF) | 2015–2016 | 4 | 4221 | 3 m–84 y | 2*24 h recall (non-consecutive) and FPQ (electronic interview) 2-day food diary for children <10 y | Portuguese Food Composition Table (INSA) | N | 78 | [39,40] |
| Spain | ENIDE study (Sobre datos de la Encuesta Nacionalde Ingesta Dietética) | 2009–2010 | 2 | 3000 | 18–24; 25–44; 45–64 | 3-day diary + 24 h recall (consecutive) | Tablas de Composición de Alimentos, 15th ed | N | 83 | [41,42,43,44] |
| Sweden | Riksmaten 2010–2011 Swedish Adults Dietary Survey | 2010–2011 | 2 | 1797 | 18–80 | 4-day food diary (consecutive) | NFA Food Composition Database | N | 78 | [45] |
| Turkey | Turkey nutrition and health survey 2010 (TNHS) | 2010 | 2 | 14,248 | 0–100 | 24 h recall, FFQ | BEBS Nutritional Information System Software; Turkish Food Composition Database | N | 78 | [46,47] |
| UK | National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (NDNS RP 2008–2012) | 2008–2012 | 2 | 6828 | 1.5–94 | 4-day diary (consecutive) | McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods integrated dataset | Y—income | 72 | [48] |
* 1 = email contacts; 2 = general internet searches; 3 = Micha et al. [9]; 4 WHO Global Nutrition Policy Review 2017 extracted information. ** Countries that have reported nutrient intakes by socio-economic group (SEG) in addition to age and gender. Ϯ For those countries that do not report all nutrients, the RNIs for nutrients not reported are considered not met.