Table 4.
Percent of adult (19+ years old) population below Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or above Adequate Intake (AI) of nutrients from foods and foods + dietary supplements by age groups. NHANES 2009–2012 gender combined data.
| Nutrients | Age 19–50 Years (n = 5793) | Age 51–70 Years (n = 3330) | Age ≥71 Years (n = 1575) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Only | Food + Supplement | Food Only | Food + Supplement | Food Only | Food + Supplement | |
| Nutrients with EAR, percentage below EAR | ||||||
| Calcium | 27.5 ± 0.9 | 22.7 ± 0.9 *,a | 51.4 ± 1.5 | 34.6 ± 1.2 *,b | 72.9 ± 1.6 | 47.7 ± 1.2 *,c |
| Copper | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.5 a | 4.1 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.6 a | 9.6 ± 1.3 | 6.7 ± 0.7 b |
| Iron | 6.2 ± 0.5 | 5.0 ± 0.4 a | <1 | <1 b | <1 | <1 b |
| Magnesium | 47.8 ± 1.2 | 43.0 ± 1.1 *,a | 51.3 ± 1.5 | 41.9 ± 1.2 *,a | 68.6 ± 1.5 | 55.2 ± 1.5 *,b |
| Phosphorus | <1 | <1 a | <1 | <1 a,b | 2.07 ± 0.51 | 2.0 ± 0.4 b |
| Selenium | <1 | <1 a | <1 | <1 a | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.4 b |
| Zinc | 10.1 ± 1.5 | 8.08 ± 1.25 a | 17.9 ± 1.9 | 12.6 ± 1.0 b | 26.1 ± 1.8 | 16.4 ± 1.0 *,c |
| Vitamin A | 47.3 ± 1.7 | 38.2 ± 1.2 *,a | 39.2 ± 2.2 | 28.2 ± 1.6 *,b | 37.4 ± 2.9 | 23.0 ± 1.6 *,b |
| Thiamin | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 6.0 ± 1.0 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 8.9 ± 1.8 | 5.3 ± 0.9 |
| Riboflavin | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 2.10 ± 0.42 | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.3 |
| Niacin | <1 | <1 a | 1.3 ± 0.4 | <1 a | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.5 b |
| Folate DFE | 8.3 ± 1.2 | 6.4 ± 0.9 a | 10.6 ± 1.0 | 7.4 ± 0.7 *,a,b | 17.0 ± 1.7 | 10.3 ± 1.0 *,b |
| Vitamin B6 | 4.0 ± 0.7 | 3.2 ± 0.5 a | 15.6 ± 1.3 | 10.5 ± 0.8 *,b | 22.4 ± 1.8 | 14.0 ± 1.1 *,c |
| Vitamin B12 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 5.2 ± 1.4 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 1.1 | 2.8 ± 0.5 |
| Vitamin C | 44.6 ± 1.4 | 35.2 ± 1.2 *,a | 42.1 ± 1.9 | 28.7 ± 1.2 *,b | 44.2 ± 1.9 | 25.4 ± 1.3 *,b |
| Vitamin D | 94.8 ± 0.9 | 73.5 ± 1.0 *,a | 94.6 ± 0.9 | 53.3 ± 1.2 *,b | 95.5 ± 1.2 | 44.4 ± 1.3 *,c |
| Vitamin E | 83.8 ± 0.9 | 64.1 ± 0.8 *,a | 85.0 ± 1.3 | 55.3 ± 1.0 *,b | 91.7 ± 1.2 | 52.1 ± 1.4 *,b |
| Nutrients with AI, percentage above AI | ||||||
| Vitamin K | 37.2 ± 1.7 | 41.3 ± 1.7 a | 51.3 ± 2.0 | 56.6 ± 2.2 b | 37.1 ± 1.8 | 45.1 ± 1.5 *,a |
| Choline | 8.9 ± 0.8 | 9.2 ± 0.8 a | 7.8 ± 0.9 | 8.3 ± 1.1 a | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.5 b |
* Significantly different from Food Only at p < 0.01; a,b,c Values with different letters in a row are significantly different at p < 0.01.