Table 2.
Anthropometric measurements of the study participants stratified by coffee consumption category.
| Daily Coffee Consumption | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric Factor | None (n = 725) | <1 Cup/Day (n = 1646) | 1–2 Cups/Day (n = 1457) | 2–3 Cups/Day (n = 1178) | ≥3 Cups/Day (n = 989) | p for Trend |
| Height (cm) | ||||||
| Model 1 | 156.70 ± 5.43 | 157.31 ± 5.25 | 157.42 ± 5.19 | 157.83 ± 5.03 | 158.01 ± 4.98 | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 157.31 ± 5.09 | 157.65 ± 4.89 | 157.42 ± 4.89 | 157.51 ± 4.82 | 157.59 ± 4.64 | 0.583 |
| Model 3 | 157.15 ± 5.09 | 157.54 ± 4.89 | 157.40 ± 4.89 | 157.62 ± 4.82 | 157.79 ± 4.61 | 0.186 |
| Weight (kg) | ||||||
| Model 1 | 55.18 ± 7.22 | 57.47 ± 7.64 | 57.61 ± 7.61 | 58.32 ± 7.72 | 58.62 ± 7.69 | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 55.12 ± 7.24 | 57.57 ± 7.73 | 57.51 ± 7.50 | 58.36 ± 7.59 | 58.53 ± 7.58 | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 54.80 ± 7.24 | 57.35 ± 7.73 | 57.45 ± 7.48 | 58.57 ± 7.59 | 58.93 ± 7.54 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Model 1 | 22.49 ± 2.88 | 23.23 ± 2.94 | 23.27 ± 3.08 | 23.42 ± 3.00 | 23.49 ± 2.99 | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 22.29 ± 2.82 | 23.17 ± 2.94 | 23.23 ± 2.96 | 23.53 ± 2.84 | 23.57 ± 2.85 | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 22.20 ± 2.82 | 23.12 ± 2.94 | 23.21 ± 2.96 | 23.58 ± 2.84 | 23.68 ± 2.84 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||
| Model 1 | 72.97 ± 7.42 | 74.36 ± 7.33 | 74.35 ± 7.44 | 74.29 ± 7.53 | 74.36 ± 7.65 | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 72.25 ± 6.87 | 74.09 ± 7.11 | 74.23 ± 6.87 | 74.66 ± 7.03 | 74.71 ± 2.28 | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 72.11 ± 6.87 | 73.99 ± 7.11 | 74.20 ± 6.86 | 74.76 ± 7.04 | 74.91 ± 7.26 | <0.001 |
Data presented as adjusted mean ± SD. Model 1 was unadjusted. Model 2 was adjusted for age, education level, occupation, alcohol intake, smoking status, regular exercise, total energy intake. Model 3 was adjusted for covariates in Model 2 + sugar and creamer additive use.