Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Jan 2;215(1):115–140. doi: 10.1084/jem.20170681

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2018 Sulciner et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms/). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 1. — Chemotherapy-generated tumor cell debris stimulates primary tumor growth. (A and B) Debris-stimulated LLC (A) and EL4 (B) tumor growth from chemotherapy-generated dead cells coinjected with a subthreshold inoculum of 10⁴ living cells. n = 5–15 mice/group. Two-way repeated-measure mixed-effects ANOVAs for tumor growth rates and two-tailed Student’s t test for final tumor measurements were used throughout unless specified; *, P < 0.05 versus 10⁴ living tumor cells alone (“No dead cells;” blue). (C) Percent survival of mice coinjected orthotopically into the pancreas with gemcitabine-generated PancOH7 dead cells and a subthreshold inoculum of PancOH7 living cells. n = 5 mice/group. *, P = 0.004 (Fisher’s exact test). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a significantly shortened survival of mice injected with a combination of dead and living cells as depicted by the area under the Kaplan-Meier survival curves (log-rank test = 9.14; *, P < 0.05). (D and E) Debris-stimulated tumor growth from cisplatin-generated LLC dead cells (D) coinjected with 10⁴ LLC, B16F10, T241, or PancOH7 living cells as well as vincristine-generated EL4 dead cells (E) coinjected with 10⁴ EL4, B16F10, LLC, or PancOH7 living cells. n = 5–10 mice/group. *, P < 0.05 versus corresponding living tumor cells alone. (F) Tumor growth from 10⁶ versus 10⁴ LLC living cells with systemic cisplatin. Chemotherapy was initiated on the day of tumor cell injection (dashed lines). n = 5–14 mice/group. *, P < 0.05 versus control (living tumor cells alone; solid lines). (G) Tumor growth from 10⁶ versus 10⁴ EL4 living cells with systemic vincristine. Chemotherapy was initiated on the day of tumor cell injection (dashed lines); n = 5–10 mice/group. *, P < 0.05 versus control (living tumor cells alone; solid lines). (H and I) Flow cytometry analysis for total cell death (sum of percent annexin V⁺ PI⁻, annexin V⁻ PI⁺, and annexin V⁺ PI⁺) of comparable sized tumors from 10⁴ LLC (H) or EL4 (I) living cells treated with systemic cisplatin or vincristine versus control (10⁶ LLC or EL4 living cells). n = 4–6 mice/group; *, P < 0.05 versus control. Error bars represent SEM.