Table 1.
Patient and Surrogate Sample Characteristics
| Patients Control (n = 15) | Intervention (n = 14) | Surrogates Control (n = 15) | Intervention (n = 14) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| Characteristic/Variable | n (%) M ± SD (range) |
n (%) M ± SD (range) |
n (%) M ± SD (range) |
n (%) M ± SD (range) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 9 (60) | 11 (78.6) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (14.3) |
| Female | 6 (40) | 3 (21.4) | 13 (86.7) | 12 (85.7) |
| Age | 62.3 ± 12.3 (43–85) | 62.6 ± 7.6 (44–74) | 56.5 ± 17.6 (28–85) | 56.2 ± 12.4 |
| Race | ||||
| African-American | 6 (40) | 5 (35.7) | 6 (40) | 5 (35.7) |
| Caucasian | 9 (60) | 9 (64.3) | 9 (60) | 9 (64.3) |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Never married | – | – | 3 (20) | 2 (14.3) |
| Currently married/partnered | 12 (80) | 14 (100) | 11 (73.4) | 11 (78.6) |
| Widowed | 2 (13.3) | – | – | 1 (7.1) |
| Separated or divorced | 1 (6.7) | – | 1 (6.7) | – |
| Patient/surrogate relationship Surrogate is … | ||||
| Spouse or partner | – | – | 10 (66.7) | 12 (85.7) |
| Adult child | – | – | 2 (13.3) | 2 (14.3) |
| Sibling/other family member | – | – | 3 (20) | – |
| Educational background | ||||
| Grade school | 1 (6.7) | – | – | – |
| High School | 7 (46.7) | 6 (42.9) | 8 (53.3) | 5 (35.7) |
| Associates level college/trade school | 3 (20) | 4 (28.6) | 2 (13.3) | 6 (42.9) |
| Bachelors level college | 2 (13.3) | 1 (7.1) | 4 (26.7) | 3 (21.4) |
| Graduate school | 2 (13.3) | 3 (21.4) | 1 (6.7) | – |
| Employment status | ||||
| Full time | 1 (6.7) | 1 (7.1) | 4 (26.7) | 6 (42.9) |
| Part time | 1 (6.7) | – | 2 (13.3) | – |
| Unemployed | – | – | 4 (26.7) | 1 (7.1) |
| Retired | 5 (33.3) | 6 (42.9) | 5 (33.3) | 5 (35.7) |
| Disabled/unable to work | 8 (53.3) | 7 (50) | – | 2 (14.3) |
| Religious Affiliation | ||||
| None | 1 (6.7) | 1 (7.1) | 2 (13.3) | 1 (7.1) |
| Catholic | 1 (6.7) | – | 1 (6.7) | – |
| Protestant | 6 (40) | 10 (71.4) | 8 (53.3) | 10 (71.4) |
| Other (Buddhist, Muslim, Nondenominational, Christian etc.) | 7 (46.7) | 3 (21.4) | 4 (26.7) | 3 (21.4) |
| Total gross annual household income | ||||
| < $10,000 | 2 (13.3) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (6.7) | – |
| $10,000 – $19,999 | 4 (26.7) | 1 (7.1) | 6 (40) | – |
| $20,000 – $29,999 | 4 (26.7) | 3 (21.4) | 3 (20) | 4 (28.6) |
| $30,000 – $49,999 | 1 (6.7) | – | 1 (6.7) | 1 (7.1) |
| ≥ $50,000 | 4 (26.7) | 9 (64.3) | 4 (26.7) | 9 (64.3) |
| Months on VAD support* | 23.2 ± 13.6 (10–55) | 11 ± 5.4 (2–20) | – | – |
| LVAD purpose at time of device placement | ||||
| Bridge to transplant | 5 (33.3) | 3 (21.4) | – | – |
| Destination therapy | 10 (66.7) | 11 (78.6) | – | – |
| Advance Directives in Health Record | – | – | ||
| Yes | 2 (13.3) | 6 (42.8) | – | – |
| No | 13 (86.7) | 8 (57.2) | – | – |
*
Statistically significant difference between intervention and control groups, p = .005