Table 2.

Preliminary Effects of SPIRIT-HF

Outcomes	SPIRIT (n = 14)	Control (n = 15)	Effect size (Odds ratio or Cohen’s d)
Dyad congruent, No. (%)
Baseline	5 (35.7)	5 (33.3)
2-week follow-up	13 (92.9)	9 (60.0)	8.7
Patient DCS*, mean (SD)
Baseline	1.9 (0.4)	2.2 (0.6)
2-week follow-up	1.6 (0.5)	1.9 (0.5)	0.53
Surrogate DMC**, mean (SD)
Baseline	3.4 (0.7)	3.4 (0.8)
2-week follow-up	3.7 (0.4)	3.7 (0.5)	0.02

^*Decisional Conflict Scale (higher scores indicate greater distress)

^**Decision-Making Confidence (higher scores greater confidence)