Table 3.
Risk of renal outcomes for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentrations:
| PM2.5 Exposure | Measure | Incident eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2a | Incident CKDb | ≥30% Decline in eGFR | ESRD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year 2004 annual average | N | 1,709,761 | 1,644,351 | 2,482,737 | 2,482,737 |
| Events, n % | 590,799 (34.55) | 358,923 (21.83) | 758,342 (30.54) | 31,904 (1.29) | |
| HR (95% CI) | 1.21 (1.14 to 1.29) | 1.27 (1.17 to 1.38) | 1.28 (1.18 to 1.39) | 1.26 (1.17 to 1.35) | |
| Time varying | N | 1,702,923 | 1,637,643 | 2,473,531 | 2,473,531 |
| Events, n % | 588,557 (34.56) | 357,600 (21.84) | 755,378 (30.54) | 31,790 (1.29) | |
| HR (95% CI) | 1.25 (1.17 to 1.34) | 1.37 (1.26 to 1.48) | 1.36 (1.26 to 1.46) | 1.31 (1.21 to 1.43) |
Models adjusted for age, race, sex, cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, T0 eGFR, BMI, smoking status, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use, county population density, number of outpatient eGFR measurements, number of hospitalizations, and county percent in poverty.
Incident eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was evaluated in a subcohort of people with no prior history of eGFR ≤60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at time of cohort entry.
Incident CKD was evaluated in a subcohort of people with at least two eGFR measurements separated by at least 90 days who had no prior history eGFR ≤60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at time of cohort entry.