Table 2.

Level of hope at 12 months in individual items in the Herth Hope Index by sex (N = 320)

Individual Items	Men	Women	p value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
1. I have a positive oulook torward life	3.5 ± 0.6	3.2 ± 0.6	0.003
2. I have short and/or long range goals	3.2 ± 0.6	3.1 ± 0.8	0.465
3. I feel all alone^a	3.6 ± 0.9	3.2 ± 0.8	<0.001
4. I can see possibilities in the midst of difficulties	3.1 ± 0.8	3.2 ± 0.7	0.819
5. I have a faith that gives me comfort	2.4 ± 1.0	2.6 ± 1.0	0.051
6. I feel scared about my future^a	3.2 ± 0.8	2.8 ± 0.9	0.004
7. I can recall happy/joyful times	3.5 ± 0.5	3.5 ± 0.6	0.802
8. I have a deep inner strength	3.2 ± 0.6	3.2 ± 0.6	0.926
9. I am able to give and receive caring/love	3.4 ± 0.5	3.4 ± 0.6	0.710
10. I have a sense of direction	3.2 ± 0.6	3.1 ± 0.6	0.502
11. I belive that each day has a potential	3.3 ± 0.6	3.2 ± 0.6	0.285
12. I fell my life has value and worth	3.4 ± 0.6	3.3 ± 0.6	0.243
Herth Hope Index total score	38.9 ± 4.9	38.1 ± 5.9	0.455

Scores range from 1 to 4 with higher scores indicating higher levels of hope

^aItem is scored reversed