Table 3.

Linear mixed model; variables associated with the Herth Hope Index total score^a across time

Variables	Coef.	95% C.I	p value
Timeb
6 months	- 0.11	[− 0.58, 0.37]	0.646
12 months	0.27	[− 0.21, 0.75]	0.267
Sexc	0.94	[− 0.53, 2.42]	0.211
Age > 65d	−0.96	[− 1.86, −0.05]	0.039
Surgerye
Isolated Valve	1.16	[0.23, 2.11]	0.014
Valve and CABG	0.29	[− 1.22, 1.81]	0.711
Marital statusf	−0.79	[− 2.01, 0.43]	0.208
Educational statusg	1.21	[0.09, 2.31]	0.033
Depression	−4.78	[− 6.71, − 2.83]	<0.001
Worst pain intensity	−0.39	[− 0.54, −0.23]	<0.001
SexaMarital status	−2.38	[− 4.61, − 0.12]	0.039

^aHigher scores indicating higher levels of hope

^bTime after surgery, 3 months as reference

^cMen = 0, Women = 1

^dAge ≤ 65 = 0, Age > 65 = 1

^eIsolated CABG surgery as reference

^fMarried/Cohabitant/Partner = 0, Divorced/Widowed/Single = 1

^gLess than high school/secondary = 0, High school/secondary or higher =1