Table 3.

Clinical trials of exosome–based therapies.

Study title	Disease	Intervention	Phase	NCT
Effect of plasma-derived exosomes on intractable cutaneous wound healing: prospective trial	Ulcer	Autologous exosomes Rich plasma	Early phase 1	NCT02565264
Study investigating the ability of plant exosomes to deliver curcumin to normal and colon cancer tissue	Colon cancer	Curcumin delivery by exosomes	Phase 1	NCT01294072
Effect of microvesicles and exosomes therapy on β-cell mass in type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM)	Type I diabetes mellitus	Umbilical cord blood-derived MSC microvesicles	Phase 2 Phase 3	NCT02138331
Preliminary clinical trial investigating the ability of plant exosomes to abrogate oral mucositis induced by combined chemotherapy and radiation in head and neck cancer patients	Head and neck cancer Oral mucositis	Dietary Supplement: grape extract Drug: lortab, fentanyl patch, mouthwash	Phase 1	NCT01668849
Pilot study of metformin in head and neck cancer and its effect on proinflammatory cytokines and exosomes implicated in acute and chronic toxicity	Head and neck cancer	Radiation: external beam radiation therapy Drug: metformin hydrochloride Other: placebo	Early phase 1	NCT03109873
Phase II trial of a vaccination with tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cell-derived exosomes on patients with unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer responding to induction chemotherapy	Non-small-cell lung cancer	Tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cell-derived exosomes	Phase 2	NCT01159288
Clinical trial of tumor cell-derived microparticles packaging chemotherapeutic drugs to treat malignant pleural effusion	Malignant pleural effusion	Biological: tumor-derived microparticles Drug: cisplatin	Phase 2	NCT02657460