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Galaxamide and its analogue induced ROS production in breast cancer cells. (a) MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/mL) of galaxamide (A) and compound 3 (B) for 48 h, and then ROS was measured by DCFH-DA fluorescence analysis using flow cytometry. (b) The increased fluorescence of DCFH-DA was determined as the increased intracellular ROS accumulation. Data expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ∗p < 0.005 versus control.
