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. 2017 Nov 27;128(1):267–280. doi: 10.1172/JCI92390

Figure 4. Effects of fecal supernatant from HFM rats and LPS on gut permeability and visceral sensitivity.

Figure 4

(A) Endotoxin level (LPS) in fecal contents was elevated in HFM compared with RC rats (n = 6) *P < 0.05. (B–D) Intracolonic infusion of fecal supernatant from HFM rats caused changes in cytokines and junction proteins, ZO-1 and OCLN. These changes were prevented by LPS antagonist, LPS-RS. (E) HFM fecal supernatant decreased the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), indicating an increase in epithelium permeability of colon mucosa in naive rats (n = 6, P < 0.05). This increase was prevented by LPS-RS. (F) Intracolonic infusion of fecal supernatant from HFM rats induced visceral hyperalgesia in naive rats; this was prevented by LPS-RS or siRNA targeting TLR4 (n = 6, P < 0.05). (G) Intracolonic LPS infusion induced increased epithelium permeability of colonic mucosa (i.e., reduced TEER) in naive rats; this was prevented by LPS-RS. (H) Intracolonic infusion of LPS (10 μg/kg) induced visceral hyperalgesia in naive rats; this was prevented by LPS-RS (100 μg/kg). *P < 0.05 versus RC or PBS treated; #P < 0.05 versus HFM-supernatant or LPS treated. AUC, area under the curve; EMG, electromyographic activity; HFM, high-FODMAP diet; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; RC, regular chow; siRNA, small (or short) interfering RNA; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4. P < 0.05, by 2-tailed Student’s t test or 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA.