Table 3.
Numbers, Percentages, Unadjusted & Adjusted Odds Ratios, and 95% Confidence Intervals from Logistic Regressions on New-Onset Diabetes Medicaid Beneficiaries with Newly-Diagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Combined Medication Use Categories), Medicaid Analytic Extract, 2005–2008
| New-onset diabetes | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Row% | OR | 95% CI | Sig. | AOR | 95% CI | Sig. | |
| Total | 967 | 6.3 | ||||||
| Medication use categories | ||||||||
| All 3 | 107 | 10.0 | 2.17 | 1.69, 2.77 | *** | 1.56 | 1.18, 2.05 | ** |
| AD/statin | 79 | 7.9 | 1.67 | 1.27, 2.19 | *** | 1.29 | 0.96, 1.74 | |
| AD/ICS | 149 | 6.3 | 1.31 | 1.05, 1.63 | * | 1.09 | 0.86, 1.39 | |
| Statin/ICS | 90 | 12.4 | 2.74 | 2.11, 3.57 | *** | 2.06 | 1.56, 2.72 | *** |
| AD only | 140 | 4.9 | 0.99 | 0.79, 1.24 | 0.90 | 0.71, 1.14 | ||
| Statin only | 68 | 7.3 | 1.54 | 1.15, 2.04 | ** | 1.26 | 0.94, 1.70 | |
| ICS only | 142 | 5.9 | 1.22 | 0.98, 1.53 | 1.11 | 0.88, 1.39 | ||
| None | 192 | 4.9 | Reference | Reference | ||||
Based on 15,287 Medicaid beneficiaries with newly diagnosed COPD who were diabetes free during the baseline period obtained from Medicaid analytic extract files observed during 2005–2008. Asterisks represent significant group differences in likelihood of new-onset diabetes by multiple medication use categories compared to the reference group (none) obtained from unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses.
Adjusted logistic regressions controlled for cohort year, sex, race, age, state, poverty eligibility, inflammation-related multimorbidity, number of other clinical conditions, serious mental illness, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, tobacco use, polypharmacy, and county-level variables, including: above high school education density (quartiles), unemployment density (quartiles), poverty density (quartiles), metro status, primary care shortage area, mental health shortage area, primary care provider density (quartiles), hospital bed density (quartiles), psychiatric hospital, pulmonologist density, and cardiologist density in addition to medication use.
P < 0.001; **0.001 ≤ P < 0.01; *0.01 ≤ P < 0.05.
AD, antidepressant; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; OR, odds ratio; Sig., significance.