TABLE 5.

Summary statistics for student participation levels across all observed classroom sessions for each classroom (left) or each GTA (right)^a

	By classroom		By GTA
	% participation (SQ + V + CC)	% participation (CC only)	% participation (SQ + V + CC)	% participation (CC only)
Min	28.59	13.56	46.29	29.00
Q1	70.02	45.72	64.23	49.92
Median	79.47	62.50	79.49	58.59
Q3	85.12	74.91	84.98	74.67
Max	100.00	99.64	94.17	89.32

^aNumbers represent percent of students in class on the day observed who participated in whole-class discussion. Overall levels of participation (including student questions [SQ], volunteer responses [V], and Cold Call [CC]) are shown, with Cold-Call levels also shown separately. For more detailed breakdown of participation types, see Supplemental Table 5. n = 45 classrooms, 15 GTAs.