Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 2.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Virol. 2017 Sep 29;4(1):241–260. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-041654

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Transcriptional effects of HIV-1 accessory and regulatory proteins. Tat directly deregulates multiple cellular genes through the ETS1 transcription factor. Rev-induced degradation of Tat through the 20S proteasome decreases HIV-1 transcription. Vif sequesters CBFβ from RUNX1 to decrease RUNX1-dependent transcription, including the A3G gene. Vpr DNA damage response activation and G2 arrest activate HIV-1 transcription. Membrane-bound Nef modulates signaling pathways through NF-κB to activate both viral and cellular transcription. Vpu inhibits tetherin signaling through NF-κB to decrease transcription at NF-κB target genes. Blue arrows indicate positive effects on transcription, whereas red arrows indicate inhibitory effects.