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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2017 Mar 8;38(5):473–488. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.02.003

Figure 3. Potential targets for host-directed immune boosting therapies against multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens.

Figure 3

Taking advantage of evolving knowledge regarding chemokines and cytokines, pattern recognition receptors, and the regulatory programs they control, pharmacological approaches are being explored to boost the intrinsic antibacterial activity of macrophages and neutrophils.