Table 4.

Direct and indirect associations from the path model

			Confidence Interval
Path	Est.	SE	Lower	Upper	p
CoV → Flexibility	−70.554	19.713	−109.192	−31.915	< .001
CoV → Math readiness	−7.212	2.531	−12.713	−2.251	.004
CoV → Reading readiness	−8.218	3.115	−14.323	−2.113	.008
CoV → 1st G. academic	−.963	.654	−2.244	.318	.140
Flexibility → Math readiness	.036	.007	.023	.050	< .001
Flexibility → Reading readiness	.025	.010	.006	.044	.010
Flexibility → 1st G. academic	.000	.002	−.004	.004	.918
Math readiness → 1st G. academic	.073	.017	.039	.107	< .001
Reading readiness → 1st G. academic	.042	.014	.014	.070	.004
Age → CoV	−.002	.001	−.005	.000	.045
Age → Flexibility	1.072	.417	.255	1.889	.010
Age → Math readiness	.211	.048	.118	.305	< .001
Age → Reading readiness	.177	.066	.048	.305	.007
INR → CoV	−.018	.004	−.026	−.010	< .001
INR → Flexibility	3.122	1.425	.329	5.915	.028
INR → Math readiness	.339	.172	.002	.677	.049
INR → Reading readiness	.606	.222	.171	1.041	.006
Minority status→ CoV	.051	.012	.028	.074	< .001
Minority status → Math readiness	−1.614	.420	−2.437	−.792	< .001
Indirect associations
CoV → Flexibility → Math readiness	−2.575	.854	−4.249	−.901	.003
CoV → Flexibility → Reading readiness	−1.750	.924	−3.562	.062	.058
CoV → Flexibility → 1st G. academic	.014	.145	−.270	.298	.922
CoV → Math readiness → 1st G. academic	−.526	.229	−.974	−.078	.021
CoV → Reading readiness → 1st G. academic	−.342	.173	−.681	−.003	.048
Flexibility → Math readiness → 1st G. academic	.003	.001	.001	.004	.002
Flexibility → Reading readiness → 1st G. academic	.001	.001	.000	.002	.086
CoV → Flexibility → Math readiness → 1st G. academic	−.188	.079	−.343	−.032	.018
CoV → Flexibility → Reading readiness → 1st G. academic	−.073	.052	−.175	.029	.161

Note: Est. = Unstandardized estimate; CoV = Coefficient of Variation; flexibility = cognitive flexibility; 1^st G. academic = 1^st grade academic performance