Table 3.
List of TGFβ signaling genes whose transcript abundances were seen to change significantly during onset of vasopressin-escape. See Figure 5 for day and direction of changes and Supplementary Table 2 for specific values.
| Gene Symbol | Protein Name | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Acvr1 | activin receptor type-1 (serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R1) | On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. |
| Acvr2a | activin receptor type-2A | On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for activin A, activin B and inhibin A. |
| Bmp7 | bone morphogenetic protein 7 precursor | Belongs to the TGF-beta family. Secreted ligand. Involved in renal development. |
| Bmpr1b | bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B (serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R6) | On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for BMP7. |
| Dcn | decorin | Binds to type I and type II collagen, fibronectin and TGF-beta. Belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. Secreted. |
| E2f4 | TF E2F4 | Transcription activator that binds DNA cooperatively with DP proteins through the E2 recognition site. Found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. E2F4 binds with high affinity to RBL1 and RBL2. |
| Id4 | DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-4 | Transcriptional regulator (lacking a basic DNA binding domain) which negatively regulates the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs by forming heterodimers and inhibiting their DNA binding and transcriptional activity. |
| Ppp2r1b | serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform | Scaffolding molecule to coordinate the assembly of the catalytic subunit and a variable regulatory B subunit. PP2A consists of a common heterodimeric core enzyme, composed of a 36 kDa catalytic subunit (subunit C) and a 65 kDa constant regulatory subunit (PR65 or subunit A), that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. |
| Smad2 | mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 | Intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form aSMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP-1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Dephosphorylated by phosphatase PPM1A, resiulting in nuclear export. |
| Smad3 | mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 | Intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form aSMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP-1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Dephosphorylated by phosphatase PPM1A, resiulting in nuclear export. |
| Snai3 | zinc finger protein SNAI3 | Transcriptional repressor of E-box-dependent transactivation of downstream basic-Helix-Loop-Helix genes |
| Tgif1 | homeobox protein TGIF1 | Binds to RXR element and nhibits the 9-cis-retinoic acid-dependent RXR alpha transcriptional activation. Interacts with CTBP, SMAD2, SMAD3 and HDAC1. |