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. 2018 Jan 2;9:11. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02401-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Schematic diagram of Hcy-induced AT1 receptor activation and the Hcy-Ang II synergistic effect on the AT1 receptor. Hcy is an endogenous ligand and partial agonist of the AT1 receptor and directly activates the AT1 receptor via the Arg¹⁶⁷ and Cys²⁸⁹ sites. Hcy causes a distinct conformational change of the AT1 receptor compared to Ang II. Hcy and Ang II synergistically activate the AT1 receptor and aggravate vascular injury