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. 2018 Jan 2;9:23. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02450-y

Table 1.

Mean ecosystem properties for all four trophic webs over 5000 simulations

Trophic web PPMR (×104) Trophic level Total biomass (kg m−2) k
Base 0.07 6 0.06 −0.08
LGP 0.16 5.5 0.10 (+67%) −0.02 (+73%)
GSC 0.96 5 0.16 (+167%) 0.02 (−25%)
LGP+GSC 2.1 4.5 0.19 (+267%) 0.06 (+50%)

Percent increase in parentheses represents the increase relative to the base for biomass and relative to theoretical prediction for k. Constant trophic efficiency (cTE = 0.101 ± 0.058)