Fig. 1.

Experimental methods. a Flight cage and test cage used for training and testing naïve or enclosed foragers of A. cerana and T .iridipennis. b Training disc showing the triplet of UV-grey stimuli. The position and distances between stimuli were changed in each trial across eight positions. In the test, a test disc was presented to the bees with the coloured stimuli. The order of the stimuli on the test disc was varied across different bees