Table 2. Postoperative Complications According to Treatment Group.
| Variables | TIVA-Groupa | VO-Groupa | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with adverse events, No. (%) | 51 (78.5) | 57 (87.7) | 0.161 |
| Complication by organ system (number of patients), No. (%) b | |||
| Gastrointestinal | 39 (60) | 46 (70.8) | 0.197 |
| Cardiovascular | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.5) | 1.000 |
| Pulmonary | 4 (6.2) | 5 (7.7) | 1.00 |
| Renal | 0 | 3 (4.6) | 0.244 |
| Hematologic | 4 (6.2) | 3 (4.6) | 1.000 |
| Infectious | 27 (41.5) | 29 (44.6) | 0.723 |
| Neurologic | 0 | 4 (6.2) | 0.119 |
| Metabolic | 2 (3.1) | 1 (1.5) | 1.000 |
| Bleeding | 12 (18.5) | 13 (20) | 0.833 |
| Other | 3 (4.6) | 8 (12.4) | 0.206 |
| Accordion severity grade c , No. (%) | 0.084 | ||
| No complication | 14 (21.5) | 8 (12.3) | |
| 1 | 13 (20) | 8 (12.3) | |
| 2 | 24 (36.9) | 22 (33.8) | |
| 3 | 9 (13.8) | 20 (30.8) | |
| 4 | 2 (3.1) | 6 (9.2) | |
| 5 | 2 (3.1) | 1 (1.5) | |
| 6 | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Accordion severity grade, No. (%) | |||
| No Complication, Grades 1,or 2 | 51 (78.5) | 38 (58.5) | 0.014 |
| Grades 3,4,5,or 6 | 14 (21.5) | 27 (41.5) | |
| Average severity score d | 0.289 ± 0.184 | 0.323 ± 0.145 | 0.303 |
| Postoperative morbidity index (PMI) e | 0.227± 0.202 | 0.28 ± 0.172 | 0.095 |
| Hospital readmission, No. (%) | 16 (24.6) | 12 (18.5) | 0.393 |
Abbreviation: PMI, Postoperative Morbidity Index.
aTwo patients each in the TIVA and VO-groups were excluded due to incomplete postoperative complication data (all were combination whipple cases).
bOrgan system complications include not highest-grade complications.
cModified Accordion severity grading system (23), highest grade only.
dAverage severity score calculated by summing the weights of the highest grade complication for each patient divided by the number of patients who had a complication in each study group.
eCalculated by summing the weights of the highest grade complication for each patient divided by the total number of patients in each study group (26).