Table 1.
Demographic Data at Study Entrance Randomized Patients
| Intervention (N = 61) | Controls (N = 62) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year), mean ± SD | 52.8 ± 15.1 | 51.4 ± 16.4 | 0.6145 |
| Men, N (%) | 40 (65.6) | 47 (75.8) | 0.2142 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 28.4 ± 6.1 | 28.7 ± 6.0 | 0.7947 |
| <18.5, N (%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.6) | 0.6838 |
| 18.5–24.9, N (%) | 19 (31.1) | 19 (30.6) | |
| 25.0–29.9, N (%) | 19 (31.1) | 23 (37.1) | |
| ≥30, N (%) | 23 (37.8) | 19 (30.7) | |
| 30.0–34.9 (obesity class I), N (%) | 14 (23.0) | 9 (14.5) | |
| 35.0–39.9 (obesity class II), N (%) | 7 (11.5) | 6 (9.7) | |
| ≤40 (obesity class III), N (%) | 2 (3.3) | 4 (6.5) | |
| Age at diagnosis (year), mean ± SD | 33.0 ± 16.1 | 34.6 ± 16.4 | 0.5929 |
| Years with DM, mean ± SD | 19.8 ± 11.5 | 16.3 ± 9.2 | 0.0707 |
| Type of diabetes, N (%) | 0.6466 | ||
| Type 1 | 34 (55.7) | 32 (51.6) | |
| Type 2 | 27 (44.3) | 30 (48.4) | |
| Years injecting insulin (N = 118), mean ± SD | 14.8 ± 12.8 | 12.5 ± 10.0 | 0.2652 |
| Years injecting insulin, N (%) | 0.0678 | ||
| ≤3 years | 4 (6.6) | 11 (17.7) | |
| >3 years | 57 (93.4) | 51 (82.3) | |
| Latest HbA1c at study entry (%), mean ± SD | 8.3 ± 1.7 | 8.5 ± 1.8 | 0.6207 |
| Presence of LH found by investigators, N (%) | 61 (100.0) | 62 (100.0) | 1 |
| Patients who knew they had LH?, N (%) | 41 (71.9) | 45 (73.8) | 0.8222 |
| Patient has received IT training in the past?, N (%) | 0.1191 | ||
| Yes | 58 (95.1) | 52 (83.9) | |
| No | 2 (3.3) | 6 (9.7) | |
| Don't know | 1 (1.6) | 4 (6.5) | |
| When was last IT training?, N (%) | 0.915 | ||
| Less than 6 months ago | 5 (8.2) | 8 (13.1) | |
| Between 6 and 12 months ago | 9 (14.8) | 9 (14.8) | |
| Between 1 and 5 years ago | 21 (34.4) | 17 (27.9%) | |
| Between 6 and 10 years ago | 21 (34.4) | 17 (27.9) | |
| None recorded | 5 (8.2) | 10 (16.4) | |
| Number of injections/day, N (%) | 0.3032 | ||
| 1 | 4 (7.0) | 5 (8.2) | |
| 2 | 6 (10.5) | 7 (11.5) | |
| 3 | 2 (3.5) | 7 (11.5) | |
| 4 | 38 (66.7) | 36 (59.0) | |
| 5 | 6 (10.5) | 5 (8.2) | |
| >5 | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.6) |
BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; IT, injection technique; LH, lipohypertrophy.