Table 6. Drugs against likely target genes of asthma risk variants considered for clinical development.

Gene	Drug name	Originator company	Indications (approved or in trials)	Target-based actions	Highest status	Clinical trials in asthma
ADORA1	Adenoscan	King Pharmaceuticals R&D Inc	Coronary artery disease	Adenosine A1 (and A2) receptor agonist	Launched	NA
ADORA1	Trabodenoson	Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corp	Ocular hypertension; Open angle glaucoma; Optic nerve disorder	Adenosine A1 receptor agonist	Phase 3 Clinical	NA
ADORA1	Neladenoson bialanate	Bayer AG	Cardiac failure	Adenosine A1 receptor partial agonist	Phase 2 Clinical	NA
ADORA1	PBF-680	Palobiofarma SL	Asthma; COPD	Adenosine A1 receptor antagonist	Phase 2 Clinical	NCT02635945
IKZF3	Iberdomide	Celgene Corp	Multiple myeloma; Systemic lupus erythematosus	Aiolos inhibitor	Phase 2 Clinical	NA
IL1RL1	RG-6149	Amgen Inc	Asthma	IL-33 receptor antagonist	Phase 2 Clinical	NCT01928368
IL1RL1	Nerofe	Immune System Key Ltd	Autoimmune disease; Cancer; Diabetes mellitus; Myocardial infarction	IL-33 receptor agonist	Phase 1 Clinical	NA
IL1RL1	GSK-3772847	Janssen Research & Development LLC	Asthma	IL-33 receptor antagonist	Phase 2 Clinical	NCT03207243
IL6R	Tocilizumab	Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd	Asthma; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; Motor neurone disease; Rheumatoid arthritis; Scleroderma; and others.	IL-6 receptor antagonist	Launched	ACTRN12614000123640
IL6R	Sarilumab	Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc	Arthritis; Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; Rheumatoid arthritis; Uveitis	IL-6 receptor antagonist	Launched	NA
IL6R	Siltuximab	Janssen Biotech Inc	Castlemans disease; Multiple myeloma	IL-6 antagonist	Launched	NA
IL6R	Sirukumab	Janssen Biotech Inc	Asthma; Major depressive disorder; Polymyalgia rheumatica; Rheumatoid arthritis; Temporal arteritis	IL-6 antagonist	Pre-registration	NCT02794519
IL6R	SA-237	Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd	Neuromyelitis optica	IL-6 antagonist	Phase 3 Clinical	NA
IL6R	Olamkicept	Conaris Research Institute AG	Inflammatory bowel disease	IL-6/sIL-6R inhibitor	Phase 2 Clinical	NA
IL6R	Vobarilizumab	Ablynx NV	Rheumatoid arthritis; Systemic lupus erythematosus	IL-6 receptor antagonist	Phase 2 Clinical	NA
TSLP	Tezepelumab	Amgen Inc	Asthma; Atopic dermatitis	TSLP antagonist	Phase 2 Clinical	NCT01405963, NCT02054130