Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in this systematic review.
| Author | Type of malocclusion | Number of participants | Age (years) | Type of Anchorage used in the control group | Mini-implant location | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | Total | |||||
| Al-Sibaie et al.(22) | Class II Division 1, overjet greater than 5mm | 21 | 35 | 56 | 22.34 ± 4.56 | TPA | Interdental between U6 and U5 buccally |
| Benson et al.(23) | Class II malocclusion with absolute anchorage. | NR | NR | 51 | 12-39 (Range) | HG | Mid-palatal mini-implant |
| Feldmann et al.(24) | Cases requiring 2 or 4 bicuspid extractions | 60 | 60 | 120 | 14.3 ± 1.73 | HG and TPA | Palatal mini-implant and onplant |
| Liu et al.(25) | Class I bimaxillary protrusion/ Class II Division 1 | 6 | 28 | 34 | 18-33 (range) | TPA | Interdental between U6 and U5 buccally |
| Ma et al.(26) | Class I bimaxillary protrusion | 14 | 16 | 30 | 18-22 (Range) | HG and 2nd molars included | Interdental between U6 and U5 buccally |
| Upadhyay et al.(27) | Class I bimaxillary protrusion | 0 | 36 | 36 | 17.5 ± 3.2 | TPA, HG, Bonding 7s, Differential moments | Interdental between U6 and U5 buccally |