Table 2.
Biomechanical factors.
| Author | Brackets size with prescription | Archwire | Power arms or other auxiliaries | Method of force application | Method of space closure in the conventional group | Line of force | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mini-implant group | Conventional anchorage group | Mini-implant group | Conventional anchorage group | Mini-implant group | Conventional anchorage group | ||||
| Al-Sibaie et al.(22) | 0.022" slot (MBT prescription) | 0.019 x 0.025" Stainless Steel | 8 mm power arm | None | Elastic chain (150 g) | Elastic chain | 2 step | Parallel to occlusal plane | Horizontal |
| Benson et al.(23) | 0.022" slot (MBT prescription) | 0.019 x 0.025" Stainless Steel | Posted archwires | NR | NiTi coil springs (12mm) | NiTi coil springs (12mm) | NR | NR | NR |
| Feldmann et al.(24) | 0.022" slot (MBT prescription) | 0.019 x 0.025" Stainless Steel | NR | NR | Active tie backs | Active tie backs | NR | NR | NR |
| Liu et al.(25) | NR | 0.019 x 0.025" Stainless Steel | Hooks | Hooks | Elastic chain | Elastic chain | Enmasse | Upward and backward | Parallel to occlusal plane |
| Ma et al.(26) | 0.022" slot (MBT prescription) | 0.019 x 0.025" Stainless Steel | Hooks | Hooks | NiTi coil springs (100gms) | NiTi coil springs (100gms) | Enmasse | NR | Horizontal |
| Upadhyay et al.(27) | 0.022" slot (Roth prescription) | 0.017 x 0.025" Stainless Steel | Crimpable hooks | NR | NiTi coil springs (150-g) | NR | 2 step | Upward and backward | NR |