Table 4.
Bone density and cadmium dietary intake in premenopausal women.
| Variable (Units) | Low (<25.29 μg/day) | High (>25.29 μg/day) | p-Value | p-Value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) (n = 79) | Median (IQR) (n = 79) | |||
| Quantitative bone ultrasound | ||||
| Amplitude-dependent speed-of-sound (Ad-SoS) (m/s) | 2120 (2092–2145) | 2133 (2092–2166) | 0.224 | 0.329 |
| Ultrasound bone profiler index (UBPI) | 0.78 (0.69–0.85) | 0.78 (0.71–0.85) | 0.933 | 0.861 |
| Bone transmission time (BTT) (μs) | 1.60 (1.52–1.65) | 1.60 (1.58–1.72) | 0.028 | 0.037 |
| Bone mineral density (BMD) (g/cm2) | ||||
| BMD Femoral neck | 0.891 (0.839–0.992) | 0.885 (0.815–0.966) | 0.372 | 0.325 |
| BMD Femoral trochanter | 0.685 (0.636–0.755) | 0.677 (0.617–0.771) | 0.777 | 0.714 |
| BMD Ward’s triangle | 0.709 (0.624–0.807) | 0.687 (0.614–0.782) | 0.568 | 0.746 |
| BMD L2 | 1.109 (1.016–1.184) | 1.097 (1.012–1.180) | 0.631 | 0.851 |
| BMD L3 | 1.101 (1.015–1.189) | 1.101 (1.016–1.182) | 0.790 | 0.853 |
| BMD L4 | 1.060 (0.976–1.151) | 1.037 (0.972–1.128) | 0.453 | 0.624 |
| BMD lumbar spine | 1.105 (1.009–1.173) | 1.079 (0.997–1.157) | 0.601 | 0.673 |
| Volumetric BMD (mg/cm3) | ||||
| Total density | 363.6 (323.4–394.5) | 348.9 (327.9–385.8) | 0.479 | 0.623 |
| Trabecular density | 180.1 (160.3–210.1) | 174.4 (152.8–197.8) | 0.305 | 0.551 |
| Cortical density | 503 (449.4–558.3) | 494.8 (454.4–545.4) | 0.832 | 0.887 |
| Bone morphometry (mm2) | ||||
| Total area | 283.4 (265.6–311.9) | 294.1 (270.1–324.1) | 0.120 | 0.252 |
| Trabecular area | 127.4 (119.4–142.4) | 132.3 (121.5–145.5) | 0.185 | 0.485 |
| Cortical area | 155.9 (146.2–171.6) | 161.9 (148.6–178.6) | 0.157 | 0.350 |
* After further adjustment for energy intake (kcal/day).