Table 1.

Equations of daily intake dose via various exposure pathways.

Exposure Pathway	Exposure Calculations
ingestion of soil	${\mathrm{CDI}}_{\mathrm{ingestion-soil}}=\frac{\mathrm{CS}\times \mathrm{IR}\times \mathrm{CF}\times \mathrm{EF}\times \mathrm{ED}}{\mathrm{BW}\times \mathrm{AT}}$
inhalation of soil	${\mathrm{CDI}}_{\mathrm{inhale-soil}}=\frac{\mathrm{CS}\times {\mathrm{PM}}_{10}\times \mathrm{DAIR}\times \mathrm{PIAF}\times \mathrm{FSPO}\times \mathrm{CF}\times \mathrm{EF}\times \mathrm{ED}}{\mathrm{BW}\times \mathrm{AT}}$
dermal absorption of soil	${\mathrm{CDI}}_{\mathrm{dermal-soil}}=\frac{\mathrm{CS}\times \mathrm{AF}\times \mathrm{SA}\times \mathrm{ABS}\times \mathrm{CF}\times \mathrm{EF}\times \mathrm{ED}}{\mathrm{BW}\times \mathrm{AT}}$
oral intake of crop	${\mathrm{CDI}}_{\mathrm{crop}}=\frac{{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{crop}}\times {\mathrm{IR}}_{\mathrm{crop}}\times \mathrm{EF}\times \mathrm{ED}}{\mathrm{BW}\times \mathrm{AT}}$

CDI: chronic daily intake dose; CS: Heavy metal content in soil (mg/kg); IR: Soil ingestion rate (mg/day); CF: Conversion factor (kg/mg); EF: Exposure frequency (day/a); ED: Exposure duration (a); BW: Body weight (kg); AT: Average time (day); PM₁₀: Content of inhalable particulates in ambient air (mg/m³); DAIR: Daily air inhalation rate (m³/day); PIAF: Retention fraction of inhaled particulates in body; FSPO: Fraction of soil-borne particulates in air; AF: Skin adherence factor (mg/cm²); SA: Exposed surface area of skin (cm²); ABS: Dermal absorption factor; C_crop: Heavy metal content in crops (mg/kg); IR_crop: Ingestion rate (g/day).