Table 2.
Impact of heat waves on mortality for the whole population, and the younger (0–64 years) and the elderly (65+ years) age groups, within six years with the longest total heat-wave duration during 1994–2015. The variables represent sum of excess deaths per standardized 10,000,000 inhabitants (excess mortality) and its 95% confidence intervals (CI), mean relative mortality deviation (ØRMD), and cumulative relative mortality deviation (∑RMD) during heat waves. Displaced mortality represents the absolute value of the ratio of the sum of three-day-averaged mortality deviations during the negative phase of the extended heat wave period (EHP) to the sum of three-day-averaged mortality deviations during the positive phase (see Section 2.5.3). --- indicates that the heat wave was considered as a single EHP together with the following one. * denotes statistically significant excess mortality.
| Heat Wave | Whole Population | 0–64 Years | 65+ Years | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excess Mortality (n) | ØRMD (%) | ∑RMD (%) | Displaced Mortality (%) | Excess Mortality (n) | ØRMD (%) | ∑RMD (%) | Excess Mortality (n) | ØRMD (%) | ∑RMD (%) | |
| 1994_1 | 552 (455; 654) * | 26.8 | 107.2 | --- | 63 (17; 115) * | 10.9 | 43.7 | 487 (403; 577) * | 32.7 | 130.8 |
| _2 | 89 (12; 170) * | 5.8 | 17.3 | 18.4 | 53 (12; 98) * | 12.3 | 36.9 | 36 (−28; 105) | 3.3 | 9.8 |
| _3 | 144 (36; 257) * | 4.8 | 28.9 | 28.3 | 21 (−35; 80) | 2.4 | 14.3 | 123 (32; 220) * | 5.7 | 34.1 |
| _4 | 1197 (1002; 1397) * | 13.4 | 240.3 | 26.6 | 352 (250; 459) * | 14.1 | 254.4 | 844 (678; 1014) * | 13.0 | 234.1 |
| 2003_1 | 40 (−31; 115) | 3.0 | 8.9 | 21.8 | 19 (−17; 59) | 5.4 | 16.1 | 21 (−40; 85) | 2.0 | 6.1 |
| _2 | 265 (181; 355) * | 15.5 | 61.8 | 8.4 | 94 (51; 142) * | 20.7 | 82.9 | 171 (99; 248) * | 13.5 | 54.0 |
| _3 | 254 (124; 388) * | 6.0 | 59.7 | --- | 47 (−18; 116) | 4.3 | 42.9 | 203 (92; 319) * | 6.5 | 64.5 |
| _4 | 21 (−49; 94) | 1.6 | 4.7 | 43.5 | 12 (−23; 51) | 3.3 | 10.0 | 10 (−49; 74) | 1.0 | 3.1 |
| 2006_1 | 249 (168; 336) * | 15.6 | 62.4 | 2.4 | 60 (19; 105) * | 14.1 | 56.3 | 190 (120; 265) * | 16.1 | 64.5 |
| _2 | −11 (−76; 60) | −1.0 | −3.0 | 200.9 | −27 (−57; 9) | −8.8 | −26.3 | 15 (−42; 75) | 1.5 | 4.6 |
| _3 | 191 (111; 276) * | 12.0 | 48.1 | 17.9 | 57 (17; 101) * | 13.8 | 55.2 | 135 (66; 208) * | 11.4 | 45.7 |
| _4 | 369 (237; 506) * | 8.5 | 93.4 | 36.7 | 66 (2; 136) * | 5.9 | 65.3 | 308 (194; 427) * | 9.5 | 105.0 |
| 2010_1 | 211 (133; 293) * | 14.4 | 57.4 | 1.8 | 35 (−3; 78) | 9.2 | 36.9 | 178 (110; 250) * | 16.3 | 65.1 |
| _2 | 101 (10; 197) * | 4.6 | 27.7 | 1.91 | 52 (6; 103) * | 9.3 | 55.5 | 51 (−28; 133) | 3.1 | 18.5 |
| _3 | 471 (354; 593) * | 14.4 | 129.9 | 5.2 | 105 (47; 168) * | 12.4 | 111.9 | 366 (265; 472) * | 15.1 | 136.2 |
| 2013_1 | 418 (330; 511) * | 24.3 | 121.7 | 37.3 | 96 (54; 143) * | 23.0 | 115.1 | 325 (248; 407) * | 25.0 | 125.0 |
| _2 | 259 (184; 340) * | 19.5 | 77.8 | --- | 81 (43; 123) * | 23.7 | 94.7 | 176 (112; 246) * | 17.7 | 70.8 |
| _3 | 116 (15; 222) * | 4.3 | 34.6 | 33.5 | −25 (−73; 29) | −3.6 | −29.0 | 139 (51; 231) * | 7.0 | 55.6 |
| 2015_1 | 304 (208; 405) * | 13.6 | 95.0 | 9.5 | 91 (43; 144) * | 16.1 | 112.9 | 217 (134; 304) * | 12.9 | 90.3 |
| _2 | 160 (49; 276) * | 5.0 | 50.3 | 24.2 | 12 (−42; 70) | 1.6 | 15.6 | 148 (52; 249) * | 6.2 | 61.7 |
| _3 | 847 (711; 988) * | 20.4 | 265.4 | 22.4 | 105 (42; 174) * | 10.2 | 132.2 | 750 (630; 874) * | 24.1 | 313.3 |
| _4 | 211 (117; 311) * | 9.4 | 65.8 | 54.9 | 55 (9; 105) * | 9.7 | 67.8 | 158 (76; 245) * | 9.3 | 65.2 |