Table 1.

Criteria Used to Identify Patients at Low Risk of Endocarditis

	Rasmussen et al. [2]	Joseph et al. [15]	Khatib et al. [16]	Heriot et al. [17]	Gow et al. [18]	Palraj et al. [19]a	Buitron de la Vega et al. [20]	Tubiana et al. [21]b
Source/acquisition
Nosocomial bacteremiac				+
Health care–associated (including nosocomial) bacteremiae						+		+d
Central line–associated bacteremia		+			+
Known source of bacteremia	+
Presence of an implantable central venous catheter							+
Duration of bacteremia, h
<12							+
<48								+
<72			+	+		+
<96					+
Preexisting risk factors
No prosthetic heart valve	+	+	+	+	+		+	+
No cardiac rhythm management device	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
No dialysis dependency							+
No intravenous drug use	+						+
No preexisting cardiac abnormality	+f						+g	+f
Clinical signs of endocarditis
No embolic eventsg	+		+					+
No murmur	+
No heart failure	+
No immunological phenomenah	+
No severe sepsis with C-reactive protein >190 mg/L								+d
Other foci of infection
No vertebral osteomyelitis or epidural abscess			+				+	+d
No appendicular osteomyelitis			+				+
No meningitis			+					+
No secondary focus or relapse apparent within 100 d			+

^aExcept where indicated, low risk cases were required to fulfill all listed criteria.

^aCriteria for PREDICT day 5 score <2.

^bCriteria for VIRSTA score <3.

^cFirst positive blood culture collected more than 48 hours after hospital admission.

^dVIRSTA score of <3 requires no more than 1 of these 3 criteria.

^eAs defined by Friedman et al. [26].

^fKnown native heart valve disease or previous infective endocarditis.

^g“Cardio-structural abnormality” not further defined in text.

^hAs per modified Duke criteria.