Table 1.

Stimuli that increase IL-6 expression in vascular cells.

Stimulus	Reference
15(S)-HETE	[80]
Activated Protein C	[63]
Aldosterone	[81]
Angiotensin II	[52,53,58,74,83]
Endothelin	[84,85]
Fibrinogen	[86]
Histamine	[87,88]
Homocysteine	[89]
Hydrogen Peroxide	[61,116]
Hypoxia	[59,71,90]
Interleukin-1α/β	[94,95,96,97,98]
Interleukin-4	[99,100,101,102]
Interferon-γ	[98,103]
Lipopolysaccharide	[92,93,94,95,104,105,106]
Mechanical Stretch	[107,108,109,110]
Oxidized LDL	[111]
Platelet-derived Growth Factor	[112,113]
Serotonin	[114]
Thrombin	[86]
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α	[92,96,104,115]