Table 1.
Potential biomarkers of DAI.
| Precursor | Proteolytic System | Subunits | Potential Biomarkers |
|---|---|---|---|
| αII spectrin | Caspase-3 and calpain | Spectrin breakdown products (SBDP) | SBDP145, SBDP150, SBDP120 |
| Neurofilament protein (NF) | Caspase and calpain | Light (NFL), medium (NFM), and heavy (NFH) neurofilament subunit protein | pNF-H |
| Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) | Calpain | GFAP breakdown products (GFAP-BDP) | GFAP-BDP38, GFAP-BDP44 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAP-tau) | Caspase-3 and calpain | Tau breakdown products (TauBDP) | TauBDP45 TauBDP35 |
| β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) | Caspase-3 | Amyloid beta peptides | Amyloid β peptide42 (Aβ42) |