2D-GE	two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
2-HNP	2(hydroxymethyl)pyrylium
3-DG	3-deoxyglucasone
3-DG-H	3-deoxyglucosone-derived hydroimidazolone
AALS	anionic acid labile surfactant
α-La	α-lactalbumin
ABC	ammonium bicarbonate buffer
ACN	acetonitrile
AGEs	advanced glycation end-products
ALEs	advanced lipoxidation end products
Apo-I	apolipoprotein I
β-Lg	β-lactoglobulin
BAC	boronic acid affinity chromatography
BSA	bovine serum albumin
BUP	bottom-up proteomic
CAD	collision-activated dissociation
CE	capillary electrophoresis;
CEA	Nδ-(carboxyethyl)arginine
CEL	Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine
CMA	Nδ-(carboxymethyl)arginine
CML	Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine
CZE	capillary zone electrophoresis
DCP	dicarbonyl proteome
DDA	data-dependent acquisition
DHX	deuterium–hydrogen exchange
DIA	data-independent acquisition
DIGE	difference gel electrophoresis
DM	diabetes mellitus
DR	double resonance
DTE	dithioeritritol
DTT	dithiothreitol
ECD	electron capture dissociation
EI	electron (impact) ionization
ESI	electrospray ionization
ETD	electron transfer dissociation
EXC	cation exchange chromatography
FA	formic acid
FIA	flow injection analysis
Fmoc	9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl
FT-ICR	Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance
Fru-Lys	Nε-(fructosyl)lysine, Amadori compound
GC	gas chromatography
G-DHI	glyoxal-derived dihydroxyimidazolidine
GELFrEE	gel-eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis
Glarg	1-(4-amino-4-carboxybutyl)-2-imino-5-oxo-imidazolidine, glyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone
Glo1	glyoxalase 1
Glo2	glyoxalase 2
GO	glyoxal
GOLD	glyoxal-derived lysine dimer
GPF	gas phase fractionation
GSH	glutathione
HbA	hemoglobin A
HbA1C	glycated hemoglobin
HIF1α	hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
HILIC	hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
HOAc	acetic acid
HPD	high pressure denaturation
HPLC	high-performance liquid chromatography
HR	high resolution
HR-MS	high resolution mass spectrometry
HSA	human serum albumin
IA	iodoacetamide
IgG	immunoglobulin G
IGT	impaired glucose tolerance
IMAC	immobilized metal affinity chromatography
IP-RP-HPLC	ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography
IT	ion trap
LC	liquid chromatography
LC-MS/MS	liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
LC-UV	liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection
LIT	linear ion trap
MALDI	matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization
MG-DHI	methylglyoxal-derived dihydroxyimidazolidine
MG-H1	Nδ-(5-methyl-4-oxo-5-hydroimidazo-linone-2-yl)ornithine, methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1
MGO	methylglyoxal
MOA	methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride
MRM	multiple reaction monitoring
MS	mass spectrometry
MS/MS	tandem mass spectrometry
MSA	multi-stage activation
MSTFA	N-methyl-N-(trimethylsylil)trifluoroacetamide
nanoLC	nano-scaled liquid chromatography
NLMS3	neutral loss triggered MS3
oPDA	o-phenylenediamine
PEG	polyethylene glycol
PTMs	post-translational modifications
q	RF-only quadrupole
Q	quadrupole mass analyzer
QIT	quadrupole ion trap
QqQ	triple quadrupole
QqTOF	quadrupole-time of flight
RAGEs	receptors to advanced glycation end products
RCCs	reactive dicarbonyl compounds
RI	ribonuclease inhibitor
RNase A	ribonuclease A
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RP-HPLC	reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography
RP-SPE	reversed phase-solid phase extraction
SDS	sodium dodecyl sulfate
SDS-PAGE	polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is sodium dodecyl sulfate
SELDI	surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization
SPE	solid phase extraction.
SPPS	solid phase peptide synthesis
SWATH	Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical Mass Spectra
T2DM	type 2 diabetes mellitus
TCEP	tris-(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphine hydrochloride
TDP	top-down proteomics
THP	tetrahydropyrimidine
TOF	time of flight
UHPLC	ultra-high performance liquid chromatography
v/v	volume/volume