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. 2017 Dec 12;18(12):2694. doi: 10.3390/ijms18122694

Table 3.

Expression patterns of C. formosanus Shiraki antioxidant genes in the whole body homogenates of winged imagoes, nymphs, soldiers and workers using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).

Genes Castes Entomopathogenic Fungi Castes Statistics
M. anisopliae 02049 M. anisopliae 406 B. bassiana 03005 B. bassiana 200436
CAT Workers 11.15 ± 0.32 b 7.02 ± 0.49 d 5.29 ± 0.26 e 2.98 ± 0.20 g F = 296.74
Soldiers 2.96 ± 0.28 g 2.12 ± 0.15 h 1.68 ± 0.19 hi 1.13 ± 0.13 i df = 3, 32
Nymphs 5.05 ± 0.43 e 3.94 ± 0.19 f 4.92 ± 0.20 e 2.09 ± 0.16 h p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 15.04 ± 0.48 a 3.70 ± 0.35 fg 9.53 ± 0.34 c 1.86 ± 0.16 hi
Infection Statistics F = 344.94; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 78.83
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001
DUOX1 Workers 1.07 ± 0.14 cde 0.81 ± 0.07 efgh 1.21 ± 0.11 cd 0.59 ± 0.06 hij F = 24.58
Soldiers 0.70 ± 0.08 ghi 0.49 ± 0.11 ij 0.98 ± 0.09 def 0.38 ± 0.10 j df = 3, 32
Nymphs 1.81 ± 0.12 a 0.89 ± 0.09 efg 1.34 ± 0.11 bc 0.75 ± 0.05 fghi p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 1.59 ± 0.014 ab 0.83 ± 0.08 efgh 1.23 ± 0.08 cd 0.68 ± 0.10 ghi
Infection Statistics F = 46.44; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 3.36
df = 9, 32
p = 0.005
GRXL Workers 2.59 ± 0.16 d 1.72 ± 0.12 e 1.82 ± 0.12 e 1.26 ± 0.13 fg F = 238.99
Soldiers 1.57 ± 0.10 ef 1.06 ± 0.08 g 1.23 ± 0.10 fg 0.91 ± 0.07 g df = 3, 32
Nymphs 4.91 ± 0.23 a 1.69 ± 0.10 e 3.77 ± 0.15 b 1.91 ± 0.09 e p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 4.63 ± 0.16 a 3.11 ± 0.10 c 3.93 ± 0.08 b 1.09 ± 0.09 g
Infection Statistics F = 219.10; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 34.80
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001
GST Workers 1.95 ± 0.12 ef 0.91 ± 0.11 h 1.84 ± 0.09 ef 0.67 ± 0.08 hi F = 492.93
Soldiers 0.88 ± 0.10 hi 0.71 ± 0.08 hi 0.70 ± 0.08 hi 0.61 ± 0.09 i df = 3, 32
Nymphs 3.08 ± 0.11 c 2.74 ± 0.12 d 2.11 ± 0.09 e 1.35 ± 0.10 g p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 5.21 ± 0.13 a 1.69 ± 0.10 f 3.94 ± 0.10 b 2.10 ± 0.08 e
Infection Statistics F = 202.59; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 57.27
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001
PRXS Workers 3.88 ± 0.17 a 1.76 ± 0.10 e 2.77 ± 0.18 c 0.83 ± 0.06 gh F = 114.55
Soldiers 1.84 ± 0.09 de 1.20 ± 0.10 f 1.23 ± 0.11 f 0.76 ± 0.09 h df = 3, 32
Nymphs 2.54 ± 0.10 c 1.14 ± 0.09 fg 2.12 ± 0.10 d 0.86 ± 0.09 gh p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 3.73 ± 0.11 a 1.85 ± 0.09 de 3.41 ± 0.11 b 1.10 ± 0.07 fg
Infection Statistics F = 294.23; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 17.60
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001
PRXSL Workers 2.47 ± 0.12 b 2.05 ± 0.08 cd 1.90 ± 0.10 d 0.96 ± 0.10 ef F = 65.96
Soldiers 1.85 ± 0.09 d 1.23 ± 0.10 e 1.07 ± 0.08 ef 0.77 ± 0.06 f df = 3, 32
Nymphs 2.06 ± 0.10 cd 1.84 ± 0.11 d 1.17 ± 0.10 e 0.80 ± 0.08 f p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 3.49 ± 0.16 a 1.77 ± 0.11 d 2.28 ± 0.13 bc 1.18 ± 0.08 e
Infection Statistics F = 149.75; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 10.27
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001
PRXS1L Workers 1.01 ± 0.09 cdef 0.79 ± 0.08 fg 1.07 ± 0.09 bcde 0.48 ± 0.09 h F = 13.70
Soldiers 1.86 ± 0.10 a 1.03 ± 0.09 cdef 0.96 ± 0.08 def 0.65 ± 0.08 gh df = 3, 32
Nymphs 0.96 ± 0.10 def 0.86 ± 0.08 efg 1.11 ± 0.08 bcd 1.22 ± 0.09 bc p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 1.29 ± 0.10 b 1.19 ± 0.07 bcd 1.14 ± 0.07 bcd 1.17 ± 0.08 bcd
Infection Statistics F = 16.54; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 11.66
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001
Cu/Zn–SOD1 Workers 1.10 ± 0.08 fgh 1.24 ± 0.08 ef 1.05 ± 0.07 fgh 0.84 ± 0.07 h F = 325.13
Soldiers 1.09 ± 0.08 fgh 0.88 ± 0.09 gh 1.21 ± 0.09 ef 1.10 ± 0.08 fgh df = 3, 32
Nymphs 3.74 ± 0.12 a 1.44 ± 0.09 e 2.89 ± 0.12 c 1.89 ± 0.09 d p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 3.17 ± 0.10 b 2.73 ± 0.10 c 2.91 ± 0.12 bc 1.10 ± 0.06 fg
Infection Statistics F = 103.32; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 45.14
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001
Fe–SOD Workers 3.88 ± 0.15 b 3.16 ± 0.13 d 3.67 ± 0.11 bc 2.66 ± 0.10 e F = 344.02
Soldiers 1.23 ± 0.08 g 1.11 ± 0.08 g 0.92 ± 0.08 gh 0.62 ± 0.11 h df = 3, 32
Nymphs 4.21 ± 0.12 a 3.69 ± 0.12 bc 2.14 ± 0.10 f 1.11 ± 0.07 g p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 3.51 ± 0.13 c 2.24 ± 0.12 f 2.94 ± 0.13 de 2.12 ± 0.10 f
Infection Statistics F = 137.33; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 30.98
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001
Cu/Zn–SOD2 Workers 4.35 ± 0.19 b 2.96 ± 0.10 c 1.05 ± 0.09 efg 0.77 ± 0.09 gh F = 248.02
Soldiers 1.02 ± 0.09 efg 1.21 ± 0.08 e 0.84 ± 0.09 fgh 0.52 ± 0.08 h df = 3, 32
Nymphs 2.88 ± 0.12 c 1.93 ± 0.14 d 1.66 ± 0.11 d 1.12 ± 0.07 ef p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 5.99 ± 0.16 a 3.13 ± 0.12 c 1.12 ± 0.08 ef 1.92 ± 0.12 d
Infection Statistics F = 422.72; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 68.00
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001
TXN1 Workers 2.74 ± 0.12 ab 2.06 ± 0.11 de 1.73 ± 0.12 fg 1.13 ± 0.08 i F = 32.14
Soldiers 1.82 ± 0.17 efg 1.55 ± 0.12 gh 1.12 ± 0.09 ij 0.81 ± 0.07 j df = 3, 32
Nymphs 2.47 ± 0.10 bc 1.92 ± 0.10 def 2.18 ± 0.12 cd 1.27 ± 0.10 hi p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 2.96 ± 0.11 a 1.76 ± 0.10 efg 1.94 ± 0.12 def 1.14 ± 0.07 i
Infection Statistics F = 111.59; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 4.34
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001
TXN2 Workers 2.13 ± 0.11 c 1.89 ± 0.13 cde 0.87 ± 0.10 g 0.86 ± 0.09 g F = 24.49
Soldiers 1.94 ± 0.11 cd 1.48 ± 0.11 f 1.13 ± 0.06 g 0.93 ± 0.11 g df = 3, 32
Nymphs 2.76 ± 0.13 b 1.73 ± 0.13 def 1.91 ± 0.12 cde 1.09 ± 0.08 g p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 3.75 ± 0.14 a 1.17 ± 0.06 g 1.60 ± 0.11 ef 0.92 ± 0.12 g
Infection Statistics F = 176.34; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 19.92
df = 9, 32
p = 0.0009
TXNL1 Workers 1.76 ± 0.14 ab 0.81 ± 0.09 e 1.38 ± 0.11 cd 0.21 ± 0.05 g F = 0.46
Soldiers 1.91 ± 0.11 a 0.65 ± 0.09 ef 1.17 ± 0.12 d 0.47 ± 0.09 fg df = 3, 32
Nymphs 1.50 ± 0.10 bc 1.16 ± 0.07 d 1.29 ± 0.11 cd 0.48 ± 0.08 fg p > 0.05
Winged Imagoes 1.93 ± 0.12 a 1.15 ± 0.11 d 0.84 ± 0.08 e 0.26 ± 0.08 g
Infection statistics F = 142.88; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 6.06
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001
TXNL2 Workers 2.11 ± 0.11 b 1.18 ± 0.11 de 1.86 ± 0.11 bc 0.68 ± 0.09 f F = 15.95
Soldiers 1.96 ± 0.14 bc 1.13 ± 0.06 de 1.72 ± 0.11 c 0.79 ± 0.09 f df = 3, 32
Nymphs 2.17 ± 0.13 b 1.67 ± 0.12 c 0.93 ± 0.07 ef 0.65 ± 0.12 f p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 2.79 ± 0.15 a 1.16 ± 0.07 de 2.17 ± 0.11 b 1.26 ± 0.14 d
Infection Statistics F = 115.31; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 9.56
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001
TXNL4A Workers 4.73 ± 0.15 b 2.82 ± 0.14 ef 3.46 ± 0.16 d 1.13 ± 0.08 j F = 159.16
Soldiers 2.09 ± 0.14 gh 1.53 ± 0.12 i 1.91 ± 0.14 hi 1.07 ± 0.07 j df = 3, 32
Nymphs 3.86 ± 0.14 c 2.30 ± 0.12 g 3.20 ± 0.13 de 1.94 ± 0.13 gh p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 5.31 ± 0.18 a 2.72 ± 0.13 f 4.76 ± 0.16 b 2.13 ± 0.12 gh
Infection Statistics F = 253.32; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 20.22
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001
TPx Workers 3.74 ± 0.15 ab 2.46 ± 0.10 g 3.35 ± 0.15 cd 1.73 ± 0.12 h F = 142.07
Soldiers 1.88 ± 0.13 h 1.12 ± 0.09 i 1.21 ± 0.10 i 0.68 ± 0.12 j df = 3, 32
Nymphs 3.47 ± 0.16 bc 1.94 ± 0.13 h 2.69 ± 0.14 gh 1.12 ± 0.08 i p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 3.95 ± 0.14 a 3.09 ± 0.12 de 2.93 ± 0.14 ef 1.08 ± 0.08 i
Infection Statistics F = 201.29; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 9.66
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001
TRx-like-Fd Workers 3.53 ± 0.16 a 2.82 ± 0.17 b 3.05 ± 0.14 b 1.65 ± 0.12 d F = 84.27
Soldiers 1.82 ± 0.15 cd 1.26 ± 0.13 e 1.12 ± 0.07 ef 0.73 ± 0.09 g df = 3, 32
Nymphs 2.79 ± 0.16 b 2.14 ± 0.10 c 1.68 ± 0.13 d 0.76 ± 0.09 fg p < 0.0001
Winged Imagoes 3.07 ± 0.11 b 2.18 ± 0.14 c 2.19 ± 0.12 c 1.25 ± 0.13 e
Infection Statistics F = 117.62; df = 3, 32; p < 0.0001 F = 7.84
df = 9, 32
p < 0.0001

Relative fold expression values are the means of three replicates. Significant differences among the means were analyzed by two-factor factorial ANOVA under completely randomized design (CRD) (Fisher’s LSD test, α = 0.05). Means ± SE values with the same letter(s) are not significantly different.