. 2017 Dec 13;18(12):2708. doi: 10.3390/ijms18122708

Table 1.

Physiological properties of SLC39A/ Zrt- and Irt-like protein (ZIP) transporters.

Genes/Proteins	Expression	Subcellular Location	Physiological Functions	Genetic Mutation Study in Mice	References
Slc39a1/ZIP1	Ubiquitous	Plasma membrane	Abnormal embryonic development	Knockout (KO)	[12]
Slc39a2/ZIP2	Liver, ovary, skin, dendritic cell	Plasma membrane	Abnormal embryonic development	KO	[15]
Slc39a3/ZIP3	Widely distributed	Plasma membrane	Abnormal embryonic and T-cell development	KO	[12]
Slc39a4/ZIP4	Small intestine, epidermis	Plasma membrane	Embryonic lethality	KO	[16,17]
Slc39a5/ZIP5	Small intestine, kidney, pancreas	Plasma membrane	Intestinal Zn excretion; pancreatic Zn accumulation	KO	[18]
Slc39a6/ZIP6	Widely distributed	Plasma membrane	Abnormal gonad formation and E-cadherin expression	-	[19,20]
Slc39a6/ZIP6	Widely distributed	Plasma membrane	Glial cell migration in Drosophila	-	[19,20]
Slc39a7/ZIP7	Widely distributed, colon, skin	Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus	Impaired melanin synthesis, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and Notch signaling in Drosophila	KO	[21,22,23]
			Colon epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation in mouse
			Skin dermis development
Slc39a8/ZIP8	Widely distributed	Plasma membrane, lysosome	Cdm mouse: Resistance to cadmium-induced testicular damage, embryonic lethality	KO	[24,25]
Slc39a9/ZIP9	Widely distributed	Golgi apparatus	Expressed in breast and prostate cancer cell lines	-	[26,27]
Slc39a9/ZIP9	Widely distributed	Golgi apparatus	Apoptosis regulation	-	[26,27]
Slc39a10/ZIP10	Widely distributed, renal cell, carcinoma B cell	Plasma membrane	B cell development and function.	KO	[28,29,30]
			Epidermal development
			Breast cancer progression
Slc39a12/ZIP12	Brain, pulmonary vascular smooth muscle	Plasma membrane	Neuronal differentiation	KO (Rat)	[31]
Slc39a12/ZIP12	Brain, pulmonary vascular smooth muscle	Plasma membrane	Attenuation of pulmonary hypertension in a hypoxic atmosphere	KO (Rat)	[31]
Slc39a13/ZIP13	Hard and connective tissues	Golgi apparatus, vesicles	Growth retardation, abnormal hard and connective tissue development, and adipocyte browning	KO	[32,33]
Slc39a13/ZIP13	Hard and connective tissues	Golgi apparatus, vesicles	Growth retardation and impaired G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling	KO	[32,33]
Slc39a14/ZIP14	Widely distributed, liver, bone, and cartilage	Plasma membrane, endosome	Growth retardation, abnormal chondrocyte differentiation	KO	[34,35,36,37,38]
			Adipokineuction
			Impaired the phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity through GPCR-mediated cAMP-CREB signaling
			Hypertrophic adiposity
			Endotoxemia
			Glucose metabolism
			Impaired ER stress