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. 2017 Dec 16;18(12):2731. doi: 10.3390/ijms18122731

Table 1.

Preclinical imaging techniques applied in mouse models of thyroid carcinoma.

Imaging Tracer Model
(Transgene, Cell Line, Xenograft or Orthotopic Implantation)		 Histotype Focus Reference
PET [18F]-TFB Transgenic TRβPV/PV FTC NIS [50]
PET [18F]glyPD156707 K1—Xenograft PTC ETAR [51]
PET 89Zr-DFO-mAb FRO82-1—Xenograft
WRO82-1—Xenograft
BCPAP—Xenograft		 ATC
FTC
PTC		 Galectin-3 [52]
SPECT 131I TT—Xenograft MTC Anti-MTC antibody [53]
SPECT 99mTcO4− TT—Xenograft MTC NDRG2 [54]
CLI 131I
124I		 Hypo-, hyper-thyroidism
NIS—Xenograft		 NIS [55]
[56]
PA & FMT FTC133—Xenograft FTC MMP [57]
RFM RACPP Transgenic BRAF V600E PTC MMP-9 [58]
BLI GFP Orthotopic (panel) Tumor growth and metastatization [42]
BLI Luciferase Orthotopic (panel) Tumor growth and metastatization [45]
HFUS Transgenic Tg-TRK-T1 PTC Tumor growth [59]
HFUS Transgenic Rb+/−
Transgenic BRAF-TRβPV/PV 		MTC
PTC
FTC		 Tumor growth [60]
HFUS antiVEGFR2-MB Transgenic Tg-TRK-T1 PTC VEGFR2 [61]
HFUS FTC-133—Orthotopic FTC Orthotopic implantation [34]
FRI & FMT & HFUS Cy5.5-PD156707 K1—Xenograft PTC ETAR
Tumor growth		 [41]
BLI & DCE-MRI Luciferase
PG-Gd-DTPA		 8505C—Orthotopic
Hth83—Orthotopic		 ATC
ATC		 EGFR
VEGFR2		 [40]
FMT AG-IR820 TT—Xenograft MTC Glucose-transporter 1 [62]
FMT 8505C-BRAF V600E—Xenograft
8505C-BRAF V600E—Orthotopic		 ATC Therapy effect [44]
FMT & CT AuNCs@BSA-I Human derived poorly differentiate PTC—Xenograft PTC Differentiating malignant tissues [63]
PET & BLI PEG-[64Cu]CuS NPs Hth83—Orthotopic ATC Therapy effect [43]

The table summarizes the imaging techniques applied to study mouse models of thyroid carcinoma, including the tracer used, which models were applied and for which scope and/or target. Abbreviations: PET, positron emission tomography; TFB, tetrafluoroborate; FTC, follicular thyroid carcinoma; NIS, sodium/iodide symporter; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma; ETAR, endothelin A receptor; DFO: desferrioxamine-thioureyl-phenyl-isothiocyanate; mAb: monoclonal antibody; ATC, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma; SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography; MTC, medullary thyroid carcinoma; NDRG2, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2; PA, photoacoustic imaging; FMT, fluorescent molecular tomography; MMP, matrix metallo-proteinase; RFM, ratiometric fluorescence microscopy; RACPP, ratiometric activatable cell-penetrating peptide; BLI, bioluminescence imaging; RFP, red fluorescent protein; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HFUS, high frequency ultrasound; VEGFR2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; MB, micro bubbles; FRI, fluorescent reflectance imaging; DCE, dynamic contrast enhanced; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; DTPA, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; EGFR, epithelial growth factor receptor; CLI, Cerenkov luminescence imaging; AG, amino-glucose; NCs, nanoclusters; PEG, polyethylene glycol; NPs, nanoparticles.