Table 1.

Role of aberrantly deregulated RBPs in human cancers

Cancer Hallmark	RBP	Target mRNAs	Cancer types	Reference number
Sustained proliferation	ESRP1/2	CCND1, CDH1, CDKN1A, MYC, PKM2,	Colon	28, 29
	IGF2BP3	MYC, CDK6	Leukemia	30
	LIN28A/B	BMP4, HER2, HMGA1	Breast, ovary, liver, colon	31, 32
	QKI	CDKN1B, FOS, miR-20a, NUMB	Brain, colon, lung	33, 34
	HuR	CCNA2, CCNB1	Gastric, breast	35, 36
	SAM68	CD44, CCND1	Prostate, breast	37, 38
Evading apoptosis	hnRNPH	MADD, RON	Brain	39
	LARP4B	BCL2, BIK, BAX, XIAP	Brain	40, 41
	eIF4E	BCL2, BCL-XL	Lymphoma	42
	TIA1/TIAR	GADD45A, FAS, PDCD4	Multiple	43, 44
	CELF1	BAD, BAX, JunD	Oral	45
Inducing angiogenesis	RBP2	CDKI	Gastric	46
	HuR	VEGF, HIF-1α, THBS1	Breast, brain	47, 48
	LARP6	VEGF	Breast	49
	eIF4E	VEGF, FGF-2, PDGF	Multiple	50, 51
Activating EMT and metastasis	IGF2BPs	CD164, PDPN, CD44, IGF2, MMP9	Breast, colon, leukemia	52–54
	hnRNPE1	DAB2, ILE1	Breast, ovary	27
	UNR/CSDE1	VIM, RAC1	Melanoma	13
	RBM47	CUL3, DKK1, MDM4, MXI1, SLK	Breast, lung	55
Avoiding immune surveillance	IGF2BP3	ULPB2, MICB	Leukemia	56
	LIN28	Let-7	Leukemia	57, 58
	FXR1	PRKCI, ECT2	Lung	59, 60

RBP, RNA binding protein; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; ESRP1/2, epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 and 2; IGF2BP3, insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3; QKI, protein quaking; HuR, Hu antigen R; SAM68, Src-associated protein in mitosis of 68 kDa; LARP4B, La ribonucleoprotein domain family member 4B; eIF4E, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E; TIA1, T cell intracellular antigen 1; CELF1, CUGBP, elav-like family member 1; RBP2, retinol binding protein 2; UNR/CSDE1, upstream of N-Ras/Cold shock domain-containing protein E1; RBM47, RNA binding motif protein 47; FXR1, fragile X-related 1.