Table 2.
List of the most affected pathways and their metabolites in human frontal cortex of AD subjects compared to non-demented (ND) control subjects. Values are expressed as means ± SD of normalized MS intensity. HMDB, Human Metabolome Database.
| Metabolic Pathways | HMDB ID | Metabolite | AD | ND | T test p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Path 1: Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (p=7.19E-09) |
HMDB00812 | Acetylaspartic acid | 1.01±0.44 | 0.57±0.21 | 2.47E-04 |
| HMDB00191 | Aspartic acid | 1.50±0.78 | 3.37±1.33 | 2.67E-06 | |
| HMDB00161 | Alanine | 5.95±1.68 | 5.28±1.07 | 1.45E-01 | |
| HMDB00168 | Asparagine | 0.15±0.07 | 0.20±0.09 | 1.07E-01 | |
| HMDB00243 | Pyruvate | 0.09±0.03 | 0.05±0.03 | 6.11E-05 | |
| HMDB00148 | Glutamic acid | 24.43±8.58 | 18.31±7.06 | 1.92E-02 | |
| HMDB00641 | Glutamine | 43.09±24.72 | 16.92±10.70 | 1.28E-04 | |
| HMDB00254 | Succinic acid | 0.20±0.07 | 0.21±0.10 | 5.47E-01 | |
|
Path 2: Arginine and proline metabolism (p=1.58E-08) |
HMDB00191 | Aspartic acid | 1.50±0.78 | 3.37±1.33 | 2.67E-06 |
| HMDB00641 | Glutamine | 43.09±24.72 | 16.92±10.70 | 1.28E-04 | |
| HMDB00148 | Glutamic acid | 24.43±8.58 | 18.31±7.06 | 1.92E-02 | |
| HMDB00517 | Arginine | 12.92±6.00 | 10.34±3.81 | 1.17E-01 | |
| HMDB00162 | Proline | 0.17±0.08 | 0.13±0.06 | 6.69E-02 | |
| HMDB01185 | SAMe | 2.03±0.80 | 1.38±0.83 | 1.69E-02 | |
| HMDB00725 | Hydroxyproline | 3.21±2.02 | 1.42±0.85 | 9.91E-04 | |
| HMDB00243 | Pyruvate | 0.09±0.03 | 0.05±0.03 | 6.11E-05 | |
| HMDB01138 | Acetylglutamic acid | 17.77±8.12 | 9.81±3.66 | 3.52E-04 | |
|
Path 3: Cysteine and methionine metabolism (p=1.81E-07) |
HMDB00191 | Aspartic acid | 1.50±0.78 | 3.37±1.33 | 2.67E-06 |
| HMDB00187 | Serine | 2.67±1.61 | 1.54±0.66 | 7.31E-03 | |
| HMDB00192 | Cystine | 0.197±0.200 | 0.20±0.20 | 9.64E-01 | |
| HMDB00161 | Alanine | 5.95±1.68 | 5.28±1.07 | 1.45E-01 | |
| HMDB00696 | Methionine | 0.69±0.24 | 0.58±0.26 | 1.59E-01 | |
| HMDB00939 | SAH | 0.82±0.29 | 0.62±0.22 | 2.26E-02 | |
| HMDB01185 | SAMe | 2.03±0.80 | 1.38±0.83 | 1.69E-02 | |
| HMDB00243 | Pyruvate | 0.09±0.03 | 0.05±0.03 | 6.11E-05 | |
|
Path 4: Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism (p=1.01E-08) |
HMDB00191 | Aspartic acid | 1.50±0.78 | 3.37±1.33 | 2.67E-06 |
| HMDB00167 | Threonine | 1.52±1.70 | 0.31±0.21 | 3.86E-03 | |
| HMDB00187 | Serine | 2.67±1.61 | 1.54±0.66 | 7.31E-03 | |
| HMDB00097 | Choline | 0.59±0.26 | 0.41±0.24 | 2.73E-02 | |
| HMDB00929 | Tryptophan | 0.12±0.06 | 0.10±0.04 | 3.29E-01 | |
| HMDB00243 | Pyruvate | 0.09±0.03 | 0.05±0.03 | 6.11E-05 | |
|
Path 5: Purine metabolism (p=3.13E-06) |
HMDB00618 | Pentose 5-phosphate | 0.011±0.005 | 0.009±0.005 | 2.87E-01 |
| HMDB01178 | ADP-ribose | 0.09±0.07 | 0.06±0.06 | 1.52E-01 | |
| HMDB00641 | Glutamine | 43.09±24.72 | 16.92±10.70 | 1.28E-04 | |
| HMDB01341 | ADP | 0.016±0.013 | 0.010±0.010 | 1.45E-01 | |
| HMDB00045 | AMP | 0.32±0.26 | 0.19±0.22 | 8.95E-02 | |
| HMDB01397 | GMP | 0.07±0.04 | 0.06±0.05 | 2.97E-01 | |
| HMDB00133 | Guanosine | 2.35±1.84 | 2.35±2.04 | 9.99E-01 | |
| HMDB00175 | IMP | 0.02±0.01 | 0.01±0.01 | 2.70E-02 | |
| HMDB00289 | Uric acid | 0.80±0.43 | 1.10±0.65 | 8.90E-02 | |
| HMDB00292 | Xanthine | 1.09±0.47 | 2.29±1.08 | 4.10E-05 | |
| HMDB00299 | Xanthosine | 0.09±0.04 | 0.20±0.13 | 9.03E-04 | |
| HMDB00157 | Hypoxanthine | 25.91±9.08 | 22.68±9.34 | 2.74E-01 | |
| HMDB00195 | Inosine | 23.76±11.38 | 36.80±17.68 | 7.95E-03 | |
|
Path 6: Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis (p=1.49E-08) |
HMDB00191 | Aspartic acid | 1.50±0.78 | 3.37±1.33 | 2.67E-06 |
| HMDB00243 | Pyruvate | 0.09±0.03 | 0.05±0.03 | 6.11E-05 | |
| HMDB00883 | Valine | 0.09±0.03 | 0.08±0.03 | 5.21E-01 | |
| HMDB00210 | Pantothenic acid | 2.19±2.18 | 1.82±0.61 | 4.77E-01 |