Table 2.
Odds of Decline in Ambulation Function Based on Univariate Analysis
| Variable | OR | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Sex | |||
|
| |||
| Female | 1.09 | 0.83 – 1.42 | .545 |
| Male | REF | REF | |
|
| |||
| Race | |||
|
| |||
| White | REF | REF | |
| Black/African-American | 0.78 | 0.51 – 1.19 | .256 |
|
| |||
| Education | |||
|
| |||
| Up to high school only | 0.85 | 0.63 – 1.14 | .275 |
| College and Beyond | REF | REF | |
|
| |||
| Age | |||
|
| |||
| 65–74 years old | 1.81 | 1.29 – 2.53 | .001 |
|
| |||
| 75–84 years old | 2.14 | 1.50 – 3.05 | <.001 |
|
| |||
| 85 years and older | REF | REF | |
|
| |||
| Living Arrangement | |||
|
| |||
| House/Mobile home | REF | REF | |
| Other community dwelling (e.g., apartment) | 0.88 | 0.61 – 1.28 | .501 |
|
| |||
| Lives With | |||
|
| |||
| Alone | REF | REF | |
| Not alone | 1.16 | 0.87 – 1.55 | .323 |
|
| |||
| Marital Status | |||
|
| |||
| Married or life partner | REF | REF | |
| Not married | 1.15 | 0.88 – 1.51 | .295 |
|
| |||
| Hospital Stay Past 6 Months | |||
|
| |||
| No | REF | REF | |
| Once | 1.28 | 0.92 – 1.78 | .150 |
| Two or More | 1.22 | 0.82 – 1.81 | .329 |
|
| |||
| Emergency Room Visit Past 6 Months | |||
|
| |||
| No | REF | REF | |
| Once | 1.04 | 0.75 – 1.44 | .822 |
| Two or More | 1.41 | 0.96 – 2.08 | .083 |
|
| |||
| Surgery or Procedure | |||
|
| |||
| No | REF | REF | |
| Yes | 1.43 | 1.09 – 1.87 | .010 |
|
| |||
| Hospital | |||
|
| |||
| 1 | 0.89 | 0.61 – 1.29 | .539 |
|
| |||
| 2 | 0.87 | 0.60 – 1.26 | .452 |
|
| |||
| 3 | 0.81 | 0.55 – 1.18 | .267 |
|
| |||
| 4 | REF | REF | REF |
|
| |||
| Length of Hospital Stay | 1.05 | 1.02 – 1.09 | .006 |
|
| |||
| Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.99 | 0.93 – 1.04 | .607 |
|
| |||
| Number of Medications | 1.00 | 0.98 – 1.03 | .737 |
|
| |||
| Admit Type | |||
|
| |||
| Emergency | REF | REF | |
| Not emergency | 2.06 | 1.43 – 2.99 | <.001 |
|
| |||
| Self-Rated Health | |||
|
| |||
| Poor to fair | 0.96 | 0.65 – 1.40 | .819 |
| Average | REF | REF | |
| Good to excellence | 0.98 | 0.72 – 1.34 | .912 |
|
| |||
| Orientation | |||
|
| |||
| Oriented x4* | REF | REF | |
| Not oriented x4 | 0.56 | 0.34 – 0.92 | .021 |
|
| |||
| Consciousness Level | |||
|
| |||
| Alert | REF | REF | |
| Confused or not alert | 0.80 | 0.51 – 1.25 | .324 |
|
| |||
| Fall Risk Score | |||
|
| |||
| Not at fall risk | REF | REF | |
| At fall risk | 0.94 | 0.67 – 1.32 | .715 |
|
| |||
| Braden Scale Score | |||
|
| |||
| Not at risk | REF | REF | |
| At risk | 0.90 | 0.68 – 1.20 | .473 |
|
| |||
| Weight Loss | |||
|
| |||
| No | REF | REF | |
| Yes | 0.85 | 0.43 – 1.72 | .659 |
|
| |||
| Eating Poorly | |||
|
| |||
| No | REF | REF | |
| Yes | 0.96 | 0.56 – 1.64 | .879 |
|
| |||
| Depression Symptoms | |||
|
| |||
| No | REF | REF | |
| Yes | 1.20 | 0.73 – 1.98 | .473 |
|
| |||
| Vision Impairment | |||
|
| |||
| No | REF | REF | |
| Yes | 1.06 | 0.80 – 1.41 | .669 |
|
| |||
| Hearing Impairment | |||
|
| |||
| No | REF | REF | |
| Yes | 1.50 | 1.07 – 2.10 | .018 |
Note. OR=odds ration; 95% CI=95% confidence interval; REF=reference category.
*
Orientedx4 indicates orientation to person, place, time, and situation.