Table 6.
Predicted probabilities and least square means (95% CI) across comment groups^
| Less extreme UWCBs (%) | More extreme UWCBs (%) | Less extreme muscle enhancing (%) | More extreme muscle enhancing (%) | Body satisfaction (mean) | Self-esteem (mean) | Depressive symptoms (mean) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive and/or negative comments | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Men | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Negative only | 34.6 (23.5, 45.8) | 3.0 (−2.9, 9.0) | 34.5 (22.3, 46.7) | 20.8 (12.6, 29.0) | 40.4 (38.2, 42.5) a | 18.8 (18.0, 19.5) a | 10.4 (9.7, 11.0) a |
| Both | 38.0 (30.7, 45.4) | 9.0 (5.0, 12.9) | 49.0 (40.9, 57.1) | 11.9 (6.5, 17.4) | 43.1 (41.7, 44.5) b | 19.6 (19.1, 20.1) a | 10.0 (9.5, 10.4) ab |
| Neither | 30.0 (21.2, 38.9) | 7.0 (2.3, 11.7) | 43.4 (33.7, 53.2) | 14.1 (7.6, 20.7) | 44.0 (42.3, 45.8) b | 19.5 (18.9, 20.1) a | 9.4 (8.8, 9.9) bc |
| Positive only | 30.8 (25.5, 36.1) | 6.2 (3.4, 9.1) | 41.2 (35.4, 47.1) | 11.0 (7.0, 15.0) | 46.8 (45.7, 47.8) c | 20.6 (20.2, 21.0) b | 9.4 (9.1, 9.7) c |
| F=1.0, df=3, p<0.41 | F=1.0, df=3, p<0.42 | F=1.5, df=3, p<0.23 | F=1.6, df=3, p<0.20 | F=11.9, df=3, p<0.001 | F=8.5, df=3, p<0.001 | F=3.6, df=3, p<0.02 | |
|
| |||||||
| Women | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Negative only | 62.0 (51.2, 72.9) a | 22.2 (14.2, 30.1) | 31.8 (21.1, 42.5) | 4.9 (1.3, 8.4) | 32.1 (30.1, 34.1) a | 17.1 (16.4, 17.8)a | 11.7 (11.1, 12.3) a |
| Both | 52.7 (46.3, 59.1) ab | 16.2 (11.6, 20.9) | 32.8 (26.6, 39.1) | 2.7 (0.6, 4.7) | 37.0 (35.8, 38.2) b | 18.3 (17.9, 18.7)b | 11.5 (11.1, 11.9) a |
| Neither | 47.3 (37.5, 57.1) bc | 16.7 (9.5, 23.9) | 33.3 (23.6, 43.0) | 1.1 (−2.2, 4.3) | 36.1 (34.3, 37.9) b | 18.9 (18.2, 19.5)bc | 10.4 (9.9, 11.0) b |
| Positive only | 43.0 (38.4, 47.6) c | 13.8 (10.4, 17.1) | 36.3 (31.8, 40.8) | 2.4 (0.9, 3.9) | 40.8 (39.9, 41.6) c | 19.3 (19.0, 19.6) c | 10.4 (10.1, 10.6) b |
| F=4.3, df=3, p<0.005 | F=1.3, df=3, p<0.28 | F=0.4, df=3, p<0.77 | F=0.8, df=3, p<0.30 | F=25.8, df=3, p<0.001 | F=13.4, df=3, p<0.001 | F=10.8, df=3, p<0.001 | |
|
| |||||||
| Types of positive comments | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Men | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Positive – generic | 30.9 (22.2, 39.7) | 4.6 (0.3, 9.0) | 47.1 (37.3, 56.9) | 10.8 (3.8, 17.8) a | 46.7 (44.9, 48.6) a | 20.6 (20.2, 22.2) | 9.2 (8.7, 9.8) |
| Positive – change | 40.0 (25.0, 55.0) | 12.4 (5.0, 19.9) | 59.0 (42.0, 76.1) | 29.6 (17.4, 41.8) b | 42.8 (39.7, 45.9) b | 20.3 (19.3, 21.3) | 9.6 (8.7, 10.5) |
| Positive – ideal | 30.2 (15.7, 44.6) | 5.1 (−2.1, 12.3) | 39.2 (23.0, 55.4) | 15.5 (4.0, 27.1) ab | 48.5 (45.5, 51.5) a | 21.2 (20.2, 22.2) | 9.0 (8.1, 9.8) |
| F=0.6, df=2, p<0.56 | F=1.7, df=2, p<0.20 | F=1.4, df=2, p<0.26 | F=3.5, df=2, p<0.04 | F=3.7, df=2, p<0.03 | F=0.8, df=2, p<0.47 | F=0.5, df=2, p<0.63 | |
|
| |||||||
| Women | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Positive – generic | 41.6 (35.8, 47.4) | 14.2 (10.1, 18.2) | 34.8 (29.0, 40.6)a | 1.5 (−0.1, 3.1) | 41.2 (40.1, 42.3) | 19.5 (19.2, 19.9) | 10.1 (9.7, 10.4) |
| Positive – change | 45.5 (28.3, 62.7) | 23.0 (11.1, 34.9) | 54.9 (37.9, 37.9)b | 6.5 (1.7, 11.2) | 40.2 (36.9, 43.5) | 19.7 (18.7, 20.8) | 10.1 (9.1, 11.1) |
| Positive – ideal | 53.7 (32.7, 74.6) | 11.1 (−3.3, 25.6) | 47.9 (27.1, 68.6)ab | 0.0 (−5.8, 5.8) | 41.1 (37.1, 45.2) | 19.9 (18.6, 21.2) | 10.5 (9.4, 11.7) |
| F=0.7, df=2, p<0.53 | F=1.1, df=2, p<0.34 | F=2.92, df=2, p<0.06 | F=2.1, df=2, p<0.13 | F=0.2, df=2, p<0.86 | F=0.2, df=2, p<0.82 | F=0.3, df=2, p<0.76 | |
^
Models adjusted for BMI
abc: within sections, estimates that share a superscript do not differ at p<05.
Boldface type indicates statistical significance, p<.05.